The Sturm und Drang movement was a proto-Romantic movement in German literature and music from the late 1760s to early 1780s that emphasized individual subjectivity and extremes of emotion in reaction to Enlightenment rationalism. Key figures included Johann Georg Hamann, Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. In literature, works featured protagonists driven to violence by passion rather than reason, while elevating the natural and painful. In music, the style used the minor mode and sudden changes to convey intense emotion. The movement influenced both Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther and Schiller's The Robbers.
Overview of the Sturm und Drang Movement
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