With the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) being the only exhaustive and reliable data and information provider of internal displacement and related humanitarian data and needs assessments, IOM will continue to be an essential data collection and analytical service provider. IOM will:

Disseminate critical multi-layered information on mobility, vulnerabilities and needs of displaced and mobile populations across Sudan and continue to monitor population mobility via an array of products, with a particular focus on increased returns within and to Sudan. Those products will include:

• Weekly Displacement Snapshots
• Monthly Displacement Overviews
• Early Warning Flash Alerts and Emergency Event Tracking
• Return Monitoring
• Return Index
• Multi Sectoral Needs Assessments (MSNA)
• Conflict sensitivity and contextual analyses

The DTM data will also be used to inform immediate response programming, within IOM and the inter-agency clusters (for example, highlighting new displacements or returns in communities that require assistance through pooled funds, RRF, and Common Pipeline programming etc.), as well as being used to plan solutions and where possible for foresight.

IOM’s shelter and NFI interventions aim to save lives and restore adequate and dignified shelter for vulnerable persons. These activities will include:

• Provide life-saving emergency shelter support, based on joint needs assessments.
• Support emergency shelter (ES) assistance for those on the move through the prepositioning and distribution of NFI kits, ES kits, and voucher or cash assistance to meet ES/NFI needs.
• Support the shelter rehabilitation / reconstruction of contextually specific shelters for those in protracted displacement through the distribution of NFI kits, shelter repair tools and kits, and voucher or cash assistance. 
• Provide targeted shelter and housing assistance for returnees to support their integration.
• Continue provision of shelter and NFI distributions through the IOM operated Common Pipeline (see also Support services for response actors).

A significant portion of the population in Sudan lacks access to basic water and sanitation services, worsened dramatically due to conflict damage to water infrastructure and disruptions in fuel supply necessary to maintain water systems. Improving WASH access is not only vital for preventing disease but is also fundamental to human dignity, education, and economic productivity. IOM will:

• Increase sustainable access to safe and clean water by drilling, constructing, and/or rehabilitating water points, while providing water trucking and other forms of emergency water assistance in areas of acute WASH needs severity.
• Construct and rehabilitate latrines, handwashing and other sanitation facilities. 
• Procure, preposition, and distribute hygiene kits, menstrual hygiene management kits, and other water treatment items such as chlorine and soap.  
• Strengthen the capacity of community members to manage and operate WASH facilities and hygiene promotion. 
• Supply communities at-risk of the outbreak of waterborne diseases with water treatment equipment.
• Engage in pilot initiatives to promote the efficient and sustainable operation of water systems, including the solarization of water pumps and other renewable energy solutions.

Amidst a backdrop of a largely destroyed health infrastructure and severe service gaps in Sudan, IOM will strive to reduce mortality, morbidity, and alleviate the suffering of crisis-affected individuals by ensuring access and availability of quality life-saving health and nutrition services. Priorities will include: 

• Provide emergency primary healthcare for mobile populations, including; medical consultations, reproductive health services, and health education.
• Support the rehabilitation of health services and technical capacity of health workers in areas of displacement and at points of entry and deploying mobile clinics to hard-to-reach areas.
• Operationalize events-based surveillance at community and health facility levels to advance early warning mechanisms.
• Support the referrals of migrants in need of specialized care to secondary and tertiary services.
• Support sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) survivors including psychosocial support and clinical management of rape.
• Deliver nutrition assistance, through screening and counselling, micronutrient supplementation and targeted supplementary feeding.

MHPSS services address the urgent mental health needs caused by displacement, loss of homes and livelihoods, exposure to violence, and other traumatic experiences. The fragile mental health system in Sudan has been severely strained by ongoing conflict and displacement, creating a significant gap in services. To fill these gaps, IOM will conduct the following activities:

• Provide MHPSS individualized assistance to vulnerable persons, including individual counselling, psychoeducation, psychological first aid (PFA), and suicide prevention sessions. 
• Provide targeted group MHPSS support and interventions, including group counselling, community-based MHPSS support, life skills, socio-cultural and socio-recreational activities. 
• Support the development of trained community health workers and psychosocial mobile teams (PMTs) in order to support access to MHPSS in hard-to-reach areas.
• Refer persons with severe mental disorders to specialized mental health care facilities during and after emergencies.
• Strengthen capacities of frontline healthcare workers including counsellors, psychiatrists, community volunteers, and community leaders on PFA, MHPSS mainstreaming and basic MHPSS skills to support local crisis-affected and displaced communities.

The scale of displacement and destruction in Sudan has overwhelmed protection systems, making strengthened, coordinated, and well-funded protection responses urgent to meet life-saving and long-term needs. Protection mechanisms are essential to safeguard vulnerable populations from violence, sexual exploitation, abuse, and human rights violations amid conflict and displacement. IOM will:

• Maintain and develop protection services at MRRCs, points of entry, at gathering areas of people on the move and at the community level to support the rapid identification, referral and immediate protection services and support. 
• Provide individual protection assistance, including in-kind and cash for protection assistance, in order to address specific protection needs. 
• Strengthen local referral mechanisms through capacity development of relevant actors through sub-grants, trainings, and in-kind assistance.
• Conduct targeted protection awareness- raising activities, and empower protection community-based networks and mechanisms.
• Enhance migrants’, other persons on the move’s, migrant communities’ and frontline workers’ capacities to uphold protection principles and best practices to support communities in vulnerable circumstances.
• Undertake counter-trafficking activities through case management, individual protection assistance, strengthening of existing referral mechanisms, and capacity strengthening on victim identification and screening at points of entry.   
• Provide voluntary return assistance and immediate post-arrival assistance and reintegration support to crisis-affected populations.
• Develop and maintain women’s and girls’ safe spaces (WGSS) to ensure access to GBV case management, psychosocial support, recreational activities, occupational therapy, and referrals to other services. 
• Conduct mine risk education interventions, including awareness raising campaigns, workshops, and trainings.

IOM will contribute towards reducing risks of local conflicts (or increased conflict) by working with communities to identify drivers of conflict, strengthen communities’ capacities, and deliver peace dividends and will:

• Support local peace processes, reconciliation efforts, conflict resolution mechanisms and other initiatives that promote social cohesion through an inclusive approach.
• Facilitate dialogues with diverse groups to contribute towards creating a space to discuss common challenges, develop capacity to bring local solutions,  and mitigate future violent conflict.
• Develop peace education programmes, including workshops, seminars, and activities to promote peaceful coexistence, non-violence, and conflict resolution among diverse groups of people such as returnees, IDPs, host communities, and tribal groups.
• Adopt community engagement as an approach to promote participatory processes that foster local ownership, strengthen social cohesion, and support peacebuilding and conflict prevention, including empowering communities to take active roles in decision-making, identifying priorities, and co-designing solutions that address underlying drivers of tension.

The conflict in Sudan has severely disrupted rural and urban livelihoods, causing loss of income, market access challenges, and reduced agricultural production, which is the backbone for many Sudanese households. Supporting livelihoods is essential for enabling displaced and vulnerable communities to rebuild their lives with dignity, reduce dependency on aid, and foster social cohesion in host communities and boost the integration in return areas. In particular, inclusion of and dedicated interventions for women and youth is crucial in livelihoods programming, to allow access to the labour market, support their resilience, and to leverage their potential to contribute to Sudan's economic recovery. IOM's interventions aim to address immediate needs and build long-term resilience among affected populations via the following:

• Provide in-kind resources for income generation, selected through community-driven prioritization and aligned with viable value chains.
• Promote vocational and livelihood training aligned with market needs, while fostering inclusive skill-building initiatives that enable participants to engage in income-generating activities.
• Facilitate partnerships with the private sector to create employment opportunities and support local businesses by integrating displaced populations and vulnerable groups into sustainable value chains.
• Support capacity development for communities and local authorities in climate-resilient agriculture and sustainable livestock practices, aimed at enhancing food security and mitigating resource-based tensions.
• Promote adaptation to climate-induced hazards and alternative solutions to face climate-change.
• Design and implement inclusive cash-for-work (CFW) schemes for low-skill, temporary community work and light rehabilitation projects 

The massive scale of forced displacement and the flare-up of new conflict theatres that trigger displacement continue to erode the social, physical, and social protection systems that communities rely on to function. Areas hosting displaced populations are often themselves affected by conflict, climate shocks, and limited infrastructure and face heightened pressure, leading to increased competition over scarce resources, social fragmentation, and reduced access to essential services. Additionally, dynamic return movements to areas impacted by significant damage from the conflict require investments to address the root causes of displacement to support communities to build resilience and drivers of vulnerability to promote recovery that leads to sustainable development.

To ensure that areas of displacement and return can sustainably absorb arrivals without exacerbating protection risks, IOM will implement the following community-driven initiatives:

• Rehabilitate and expand critical socioeconomic infrastructure such as water systems, sanitation facilities, health facilities, and education to ensure equitable and sustainable access for all community members.
• Facilitate inclusive dialogue and participatory planning processes with a special emphasis on local participation.
• Support community reconciliation efforts and non-violent conflict resolution mechanisms. 

The ongoing conflict in many regions in Sudan has resulted in widespread destruction of homes and loss of land, exacerbating displacement and complicating return or resettlement prospects. Without addressing land and property issues, mobile populations remain vulnerable to exploitation, marginalization, and further displacement, perpetuating the cycle of crisis in Sudan. Beyond integrating land and property considerations into its emergency infrastructure interventions, IOM will promote work around land and property in the following:

• Develop detailed assessments to determine land and property needs in areas of displacement and return and provide case management for returnees and displaced persons. 
• Strengthen the capacity of local authorities, civil society organizations and community leaders to address land grievances.
• Promote dispute resolution mechanisms address land-related conflicts, thereby reducing violence over land disputes and supporting successful reintegration. 

Climate-induced hazards act as crisis multipliers in Sudan, with severe flooding and landslides leading to additional displacement, induced violence and conflicts, increased barriers to accessing basic services, and an increase in water-borne diseases. Further, large numbers of communities are at high risk of increasingly severe drought-like conditions, which can also act as a driver of needs severity and displacement. To support enhanced disaster risk management (DRM) and disaster risk reduction (DRR), IOM will conduct the following activities:

• Enhance early warning and response coordination through the dissemination of timely warnings and alerts and the production of DTM flash updates.
• Conduct analyses to determine at-risk communities and deliver rapid needs assessments to assess damage and inform the response.
• Mainstream DRR into WASH, shelter and community-based-planning activities as well as within peacebuilding efforts to strengthen the capacity of critical infrastructure and community systems to withstand disaster risks and promote more sustainable living environments for displaced and host communities.
• Strengthen national and community-level capacities to anticipate, prepare for, and respond to crises. By supporting governments and local authorities in updating/aligning contingency plans with mobility and displacement scenarios and promote community-led preparedness simulations exercises.

With both further displacement out of Sudan and complex return patterns to Sudan, IOM will continue to support national and local authorities in responding to the increased pressure at border crossings. Activities will include:

• Provide points of entry (PoE) with systems, infrastructure and equipment to enable frontline workers to more efficiently process cross-border movements in times of emergencies.
• Support state and local authorities to create border measures to assist in the delivery of aid, including goods and equipment, and entry for humanitarian workers.

IOM will offer movement assistance to persons in need through safe, respectful, and voluntary movement support. This includes evacuations, relocations or voluntary humanitarian returns and access to protection services. IOM will:

• Facilitate humanitarian transportation and provide operational and medical escorts for identified cases.
• Conduct pre-departure activities and counselling, protection screenings, and pre-embarkation checks.
• Provide support, liaison, and coordination services for both the host country and country of origin to organize reception assistance and appropriate referral services.

IOM will strengthen the capacity of partners to provide life-saving humanitarian assistance and continue providing enabling services for humanitarian and transition actors. Activities will include:

• Continue operating of the Common Pipeline to ensure shelter and NFI distributions across Sudan. This will include maintaining IOM’s warehouse capacity, prepositioning capability, and coverage in hard-to-reach areas.
• Scale up the Rapid Response Fund to provide a flexible, streamlined, and needs-based fund disbursement mechanism to further support humanitarian actors who are assisting vulnerable persons.
• Provide capacity strengthening support, including training on humanitarian principles to local and national actors on topics such as do-no harm, PSEA, AAP and narrative and financial reporting, to ensure safer programming approaches and safeguards are integrated across programming.
• Maintain humanitarian hubs in border areas in coordination with UN agencies and relevant government counterparts to provide conflict-sensitive assistance and continue cross-border engagement to hard-to-reach areas.