The 2025 global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) uses the most recent comparable data available for 109 countries – 21 low-income countries, 45 lower middle-income countries, 39 upper middle-income countries, and 4 high-income countries. These countries are home to 6.3 billion people, about 92% of the population in developing regions, and of these 1.1 billion people (18.3%) are poor. Global MPI values, incidence and intensity of poverty, and component indicators are disaggregated for 1,359 subnational regions for 101 countries, as well as by age group, rural-urban area and gender of the household head.

The 2025 global MPI provides updated estimates for 13 countries: Azerbaijan (2023), Bangladesh (2022), Bolivia (2023), Jordan (2023), Kyrgyzstan (2023), Lao PDR (2023), Lesotho (2023–24), Mexico (2023), Nauru (2023), Niger (2021), Peru (2023), Senegal (2023), and Vanuatu (2023).

In Table 6, we publish harmonised estimates for 88 countries using data from 2001 to 2023–24, which provide results for trends over time. Forty have harmonised data for two points in time, 35 countries have trends data for three points in time, nine have data for four points in time, one (Ghana) has data for five points in time and three countries (Mexico, Nepal and Peru) have trends data for six points in time.

The 2025 global MPI report Overlapping Hardships: Poverty and Climate Hazards is produced in partnership with OPHI and the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Our analysis overlays MPI poverty data in developing regions with four climate hazards – high heat, drought, flooding and air pollution – to provide the first global analysis of multidimensional poverty and the environment. Overall, the findings clearly point to the close relationships between poverty reduction and climate action and the complementarity of these agendas.

Citation: OPHI and UNDP (2025). Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2025 – Overlapping Hardships: Poverty and Climate Hazards, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
 

The 2025 global MPI results are presented in eight Data Tables. Data Table 1 presents MPI country (national) results using the most recent DHS, MICS and national survey data from 109 countries, covering 6.3 billion people. The country (national) estimates are jointly produced by OPHI and UNDP’s Human Development Report Office (HDRO). Please refer to OPHI MPI Methodological Note 61 for the core methodology and country specifications.

In addition, the OPHI team produces an additional set of Data Tables (Tables 2–8). These include selected auxiliary statistics, including standard errors of key estimates. Data Table 2 presents estimations for multiple poverty cut-offs as a measure of robustness. The MPI and its partial indices are also disaggregated by several different population groups: age groups (Data Table 3), rural and urban areas (Data Table 4), subnational regions (Data Table 5) and gender of household head (Data Table 7). The disaggregated MPI results shared in these tables show the importance of going beyond national averages to identify important variations across population groups. Please refer to OPHI MPI Methodological Note 62 for OPHI’s disaggregation methodology and policies.

Data Table 6 presents trends over time in 88 countries using data from 2001 to 2023–24. Data Table 6 also contains disaggregated results of the extent to which poverty has changed over time for age groups, rural and urban areas, and for 882 subnational regions. Please refer to OPHI MPI Methodological Note 63 for trends over time methodology and country harmonisation details.

Finally, Data Table 8 presents all global MPI country (national) results published since 2010.