nLab wide pullback (Rev #7, changes)

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For f:A→Cf : A \to C and g:B→Cg : B \to C two morphisms in a category CC, the fiber product A× CBA \times_C B of AA with BB over CC is, if it exists, the pullback

A× CB → B ↓ ↓ g A →f C. \array{ A \times_C B &\to& B \\ \downarrow && \downarrow^g \\ A &\stackrel{f}{\to}& C } \,.

This term comes from thinking of AA and BB as bundles over CC; then the fiber of A× CBA \times_C B over a generalized element xx of CC is the product of the fibers of AA and BB over xx. In other words, the fiber product is the product taken fiber-wise.

Of course, the fiber of AA at the generalized element x:I→Cx: I \to C is itself a pullback I× CAI \times_C A; the terminology depends on your point of view.

Examples

In C=C = Set the fiber product is given by the usual formula

A× CB={(a,b)∈A×B|f(a)=g(b)}. A \times_C B = \left\{ (a,b) \in A \times B \;|\; f(a) = g(b) \right\} \,.

Chris: I’d appreciate it if someone could add an explanation of fiber products as limits of compsimplicial diagrams A×B,A×C×B,A×C×C×A,...A \times B, A \times C \times B, A \times C \times C \times A,..., making the coface maps explicit.

Urs: I think it should work like this:

the first two coface maps are in full detail given by

A×B→(Id A∘p 1)×(f∘p 1)×(Id B∘p 2)A×C×B A\times B \stackrel{(Id_A \circ p_1) \times (f\circ p_1) \times (Id_B \circ p_2)}{\to} A \times C \times B

and

A×B→(Id A∘p 1)×(g∘p 2)×(Id B∘p 2)A×C×B A\times B \stackrel{(Id_A \circ p_1) \times (g\circ p_2) \times (Id_B \circ p_2)}{\to} A \times C \times B

With that it is clear that the fiber product A× CBA \times_C B is the equalizer of these two maps, i.e. the limit over the diagram

A×B→→A×C×B. A \times B \stackrel{\to}{\to} A \times C \times B \,.

I am guessing, but haven’t really checked in detail that the further coface maps continue this: the “inner” ones come from the diagonal C→C×CC \to C \times C and the outer ones from ff and gg as above. So for instance the next three would be

A×C×B→(Id A∘p 1)×(f∘p 1)×(Id C∘p 2)×(Id B∘p 3)A×C×C×B A \times C \times B \stackrel{(Id_A \circ p_1) \times (f \circ p_1) \times ( Id_C\circ p_2) \times (Id_B \circ p_3)}{\to} A \times C \times C \times B

and

A×C×B→(Id A∘p 1)×(Id C×Id C∘p 2)×(Id B∘p 3)A×C×C×B A \times C \times B \stackrel{(Id_A \circ p_1) \times (Id_C \times Id_C \circ p_2) \times (Id_B \circ p_3)}{\to} A \times C \times C \times B

and

A×C×B→(Id A∘p 1)×(Id C∘p 2)×(g∘p 3)×(Id B∘p 3)A×C×C×B A \times C \times B \stackrel{(Id_A \circ p_1) \times (Id_C \circ p_2) \times ( g \circ p_3) \times (Id_B \circ p_3)}{\to} A \times C \times C \times B

This way, unless I am making a mistake, the ordinary limit over the diagram

A×B→→A×C×B→→→A×C×C×B A \times B \stackrel{\to}{\to} A \times C \times B \stackrel{\to}{\stackrel{\to}{\to}} A \times C \times C \times B

would still be A× CBA \times_C B, but the homotopy limit would pick up the right first degree correction for the homotopy fiber product.

Chris: Thanks, Urs. I’ll continue thinking about this. While I was at the coffee shop, I realized that to form A× CBA \times_C B in a homotopically meaningful way, we should somehow resolve BB. So if 𝒟\mathcal{D} is our category and 𝒟 C\mathcal{D}_C is the category of objects over C∈𝒟C \in \mathcal{D}, then we have an adjoint pair of functors R:=C×?:𝒟→𝒟 CR:= C\times? : \mathcal{D} \rightarrow \mathcal{D}_C and L:=𝒟 C→𝒟L:=\mathcal{D}_C \rightarrow \mathcal{D} forgetting the map to CC . (Strange to me, but it seems that forgetting here is the left adjoint.) Then we can apply the comonad monadRLRL to B→CB \rightarrow C to get a cobar resolution of BB, take the product with AA, and so get the cosimplicial object A×C×B,A×C×C×B,...A \times C \times B, A \times C \times C \times B,....

Perhaps this is the wrong section to discuss this, and when we figure it out, maybe we should make a section on fiber products of derived spaces.

Revision on May 18, 2009 at 17:08:40 by Chris Brav See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.