Debug hotkey

This feature is exclusive to Java Edition.

A debug hotkey (or key binding in game) is used to access hidden information and trigger advanced settings in the game through F3 + <key>, where key is usually a letter (A–Z), or just a single F3, which is used to open the debug screen. When F3 is used as a modifier for debug hotkey combination, the debug screen is not opened (or closed if enabled).

The list for debug hotkeys can be viewed and changed under the "Debug" section of "Options" → "Controls" → "Key Binds".

Some debug hotkeys may be disabled by reduced_debug_info game rule.

List of debug hotkeys

Default key bind	In-game name	Description
`F3` (toggle)	Toggle Overlay	Toggles the debug screen.
`F3` (modifier)	Debug Modifier Key	Used as a modifier for all `F3` + `<key>`-based debug hotkeys.
`F3` + `A`	Reload Chunks	Reloads all loaded chunks
`F3` + `B`	Show Hitboxes	Toggles the `entity_hitboxes` debug renderer. Disabled by `reduced_debug_info` gamerule.
`F3` + `C`	Copy Location	Copies current location data with the format `/execute in <dimension> run tp @s <position> <rotation>`. Disabled by `reduced_debug_info` gamerule.
`F3` + `C` (hold)	Debug Crash	When the player holds the key combination for 10 seconds (8 seconds countdown), it crashes the game with the code -1, caused by an exception.^{[note 1]} In the game log, the exception has a message of "Manually triggered debug crash" followed by "Reported exception thrown!" and other reported chat messages (including the crash countdown).
`F3` + `D`	Clear Chat	Retains typed messages accessible through `↑ Up`/`↓ Down`
`F3` + `G`	Show Chunk Boundaries	Toggles the `chunk_borders` debug renderer. Disabled by `reduced_debug_info` gamerule.
`F3` + `H`	Show Advanced Tooltips	Toggles showing additional information on item tooltips: item identifiers, tool and armor durability as a fraction on damaged items, armor color, map scale, and details of what type firework is loaded in a crossbow.
`F3` + `I`	Copy Data	Copies entity or block data with the format `/summon <entity_type> <position> {[Data, eg. OnGround: 0b, Air: 300s]}`. Alternatively, the `F3` + `⇧ Shift` + `I` combination copies the client-side data, which often returns the same values as `F3` + `I`. Disabled by `reduced_debug_info` gamerule.
`F3` + `L`	Start/Stop Profiling	See performance metrics.^{[more information needed]}
`F3` + `N`	Cycle Spectator	Toggles Spectator mode and previous game mode.
`F3` + `P`	Toggle Lost Focus Pause	Toggles automatic pause when the game loses focus, or not selected as the primary window.
`F3` + `S`	Dump Dynamic Textures	All loaded dynamic textures are exported to `.minecraft/screenshots/debug` as image files alongside associated text metadata where necesary.
`F3` + `T`	Reload Resource Packs	Reloads the changes from adding and removing resource packs in the `.minecraft/resourcepacks` folder (either by drag and drop in a file explorer, or activating and deactivating certain packs on "Options" → "Resource Packs" settings). This is useful for reloading resource packs without having to restart the game.
`F3` + `V`	Dump Version Info	Presents the client's game version information, in the order of the version's ID, the version's name, data version, series, protocol version, build time, resource pack and data pack formats, and whether the version is stable or not. Further information on version.json.
`F3` + `X`	Toggle Improved Transparency	Toggles rendering the game with improved transparency.
`F3` + `1`	Profiling Chart	Toggles the profiling chart in debug screen.
`F3` + `2`	Fps Charts^[1]	Toggles the FPS charts in debug screen.
`F3` + `3`	Network Charts	Toggles multiple network charts (such as TPS, bandwidth, and ping graph) in debug screen.
`F3` + `4`	Lightmap Texture	Toggles the lightmap graph in debug screen.
`F3` + `⎋ Escape`	N/A	Pause without pause menu. Only works on singleplayer. Not available as a configurable key binding.
`F3` + `F4`	Game Mode Switcher	Opens the game mode switcher, and selects last used game mode.
`F3` + `F6`	Debug Options	Opens the debug options screen, which allows the player to customize the debug screen.

Disabled hotkeys

These hotkeys are disabled by default, but can be enabled using the -DMC_DEBUG_HOTKEYS debug property. These are not available as configurable key bindings.

Hotkey	Info
`F3` + `E`	Toggles the `chunk_section_paths` debug renderer.
`F3` + `F`	Toggles fog.
`F3` + `L`	Toggles "smart culling" that culls individual chunk sections.
`F3` + `M`	Toggles MultiDrawIndirect rendering.
`F3` + `O`	Toggles the `chunk_section_octree` debug renderer.
`F3` + `V`	Toggles the `chunk_section_visibility` debug renderer.
`F3` + `W`	Toggles wireframe rendering.
`F3` + `U`	Locks the viewing frustum used for culling in place and makes it visible.
`F3` + `⇧ Shift` + `U`	Unlocks and hides the viewing frustum.

History

Java Edition
?		`F3` + `3` now reloads all sounds.
?		`F3` + `3` no longer reloads all sounds.
1.4.2	12w41a	`F3` + `H` was added to show durability on damaged tools, weapons and armor pieces.
1.4.4	1.4.3	`F3` + `B` now toggles the "entity hitboxes" debug renderer.
1.8	14w29a	The `reducedDebugInfo` game rule allows the server operators to disable certain hotkeys or reduce some information being shown.
1.9	15w32a	`F3` + `N` was added to toggle between Creative and Spectator modes, when the player is in either of them. The player needs to be allowed to use `/gamemode` for this to work.
	15w43a	`F3` + `Q` was added, which gives help and shows all `F3` + key combinations.
		`F3` + `F` was added to increase render distance by 1 (Minimum and Maximum are 2-32).
		`F3` + `⇧ Shift` + `F` was added to decrease render distance by 1 (Min and Max are 2-32).
		The debug screen now does not open when the player uses a specific key combination like `F3` + `N`, `F3` + `B`, etc.
		`F3` + `S` (which previously reloaded sounds) has been removed.
		`F3` + `T` now reloads all resource pack content, including sounds.
1.10	16w20a	`F3` + `G` now toggles the "chunk borders" debug renderer.
1.13	18w11a	Pressing `F3` + `C` now copies the player's current location to the clipboard in the form of a `/tp` command. Holding for 10 seconds and releasing still forces a debug crash.
	18w14a	The debug screen now gives a warning before forcing a debug crash via `F3` + `C`.
	pre6	`F3` + `I` was added to copy block or entity data to the clipboard.
	pre7	`F3` + `I` has been changed to now be `⇧ Shift` + `F3` + `I`. It is now clarified that it copies the client-side data of targeted block or entity. It still can be used by anyone.
	pre7	Added `F3` + `I` to copy targeted block or entity server-side data to clipboard. It can be used only by operators.
1.13.1	18w30a	Added `⎈ Control` + `F3` + `C` to force a JVM crash, instead of a regular crash.
1.14.1	Pre-Release 1	Pressing `F3` + `⎋ Escape` now toggles pause without pause menu (if pausing is possible).
1.14.1	Pre-Release 1	Pressing `F3` + `N` when in Survival or Adventure mode now changes the player into Creative mode, if cheats are enabled.
1.15.2	Pre-Release 1	`F3` + `D` no longer clears recently typed messages and commands from `↑ Up` and `↓ Down`.
1.16	20w20a	Added game mode switcher accessible with `F3` + `F4`.
1.16	20w20a	`F3` + `N` now toggles between Spectator mode and the previous game mode.
1.17	21w11a	Added `F3` + `L` to generate performance metrics.
1.17	21w13a	Added `F3` + `E`, `F3` + `L`, `F3` + `V`, `F3` + `W`, `F3` + `U`, and `F3` + `⇧ Shift` + `U` for debug renderers dealing with chunks.^{[note 2]}
1.19	22w12a	Removed the `F3` + `F` and `F3` + `⇧ Shift` + `F` hotkeys that change render distance.
1.19.4	Pre-release 3	Pressing `F3` + `S` now dump contents of dynamic textures (like atlases, maps, etc.) to `.minecraft/screenshots/debug`.
1.21.2	24w34a	Added `F3` + `O` to toggle rendering the frustum culling octree.^{[note 2]}
1.21.2	24w35a	Added `F3` + `F` to toggle fog.^{[note 2]}
1.21.6	25w15a	Added `F3` + `V` which prints client side version information.
1.21.9	25w31a	Added `F3` + `F5` to access debug screen options menu.
	25w37a	Added the `HOTKEYS` debug property, enabling disabled debug hotkeys to be used.
	Pre-Release 4	Changed hotkey to access debug screen options menu to `F3` + `F6`.
1.21.11	25w41a	Removed the `F3` + `Q` hotkey.
1.21.11	25w41a	Debug hotkeys can now be rebound.
26.1	snap1	Added `F3` + `4` to show the lightmap.
26.3	snap2	Added `F3` + `X` to toggle improved transparency rendering.
26.3	snap8	Added `F3` + `M` to toggle MultiDrawIndirect rendering.^{[note 3]}

Issues

Issues relating to "Debug hotkey", "Debug key binding", or "F3" are maintained on the bug tracker. Issues should be reported and viewed there.

Gallery

Game mode switcher (F3 + F4)
Screenshot of the crash alert given in the chat while holding F3 + C
Debug options (F3 + F6)

References

↑ Deliberately capitalized this way: MC-311644

Notes

↑ Specifically, it was caused by Throwable class.
↑ ^a ^b ^c While this debug hotkey was in the game's code, it couldn't be used until the introduction of the HOTKEYS debug property in 25w37a.
↑ This debug hotkey can only be used with the HOTKEYS debug property.

[2] Deliberately capitalized this way: MC-311644

[1] Specifically, it was caused by Throwable class.

[disabled-hotkey-old-3] While this debug hotkey was in the game's code, it couldn't be used until the introduction of the HOTKEYS debug property in 25w37a.

[disabled-hotkey-new-4] This debug hotkey can only be used with the HOTKEYS debug property.

[note 1]

[1]

[note 2]

[note 3]