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1.638-.54.315-.322.527-.827.617-1.553.117-.935-.037-1.395-.241-1.614Zm4.155-.297c-1.044-.116-1.488.091-1.681.297-.204.219-.359.679-.242 1.614.091.726.303 1.231.618 1.553.299.305.784.54 1.638.54.922 0 1.28-.198 1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Z"></path><path d="M6.25 9.037a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm4.25.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path></svg>GitHub Copilot</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Write better code with AI</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/ai/github-app" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_copilot_app&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_copilot_app_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" 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app</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Direct agents from issue to merge</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/mcp" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;mcp_registry&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;mcp_registry_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy 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0 0 0-2.94 2.08 2.08 0 0 0-2.94 0l-4.799 4.8A.75.75 0 0 1 .72 5.92Z"></path><path d="M7.52 3.12a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06L5.731 7.03A2.079 2.079 0 0 0 8.67 9.97l2.85-2.85a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-2.849 2.85A3.578 3.578 0 0 1 4.67 5.97Z"></path></svg>MCP Registry</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Integrate external tools</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_9knd_">DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_9knd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/actions" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;actions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;actions_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy 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0-.25-.25Zm-2 9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M7 12.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path></svg>Codespaces</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Instant dev environments</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/issues" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;issues&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;issues_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Z"></path></svg>Issues</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Plan and track work</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/code-review" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;code_review&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;code_review_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-code NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg>Code Review</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Manage code changes</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/code-quality" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;code_quality&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;code_quality_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-codescan-checkmark NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M10.28 6.28a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06-1.06L6.25 8.19l-.97-.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l1.5 1.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l3.5-3.5Z"></path><path d="M7.5 15a7.5 7.5 0 1 1 5.807-2.754l2.473 2.474a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-2.474-2.473A7.472 7.472 0 0 1 7.5 15Zm0-13.5a6 6 0 1 0 4.094 10.386.748.748 0 0 1 .293-.292 6.002 6.002 0 0 0 1.117-6.486A6.002 6.002 0 0 0 7.5 1.5Z"></path></svg>Code Quality</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Enforce quality at merge</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_dknd_">APPLICATION SECURITY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_dknd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_advanced_security&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_advanced_security_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-shield-check NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m8.533.133 5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667l5.25-1.68a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0Zm-.61 1.429.001.001-5.25 1.68a.251.251 0 0 0-.174.237V7c0 1.36.275 2.666 1.057 3.859.784 1.194 2.121 2.342 4.366 3.298a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.957 3.582-2.103 4.366-3.297C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.358 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 0 0-.174-.238l-5.25-1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0ZM11.28 6.28l-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-1.5-1.5a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l.97.97 2.97-2.97a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path></svg>GitHub Advanced Security</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Find and fix vulnerabilities</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/code-security" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;code_security&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;code_security_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS 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Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Secure your code as you build</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/secret-protection" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;secret_protection&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;secret_protection_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-lock NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M4 4a4 4 0 0 1 8 0v2h.25c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 13.25v-5.5C2 6.784 2.784 6 3.75 6H4Zm8.25 3.5h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v5.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM10.5 6V4a2.5 2.5 0 1 0-5 0v2Z"></path></svg>Secret protection</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Stop leaks before they start</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ NavGroup-module__hasSeparator__FnMrN"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_hknd_">EXPLORE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_hknd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" 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0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/marketplace" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;marketplace&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;marketplace_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS 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class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow___aaZs9 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link-arrow___yd78i" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow-stem___0K8Hz" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="_R_17d_">Solutions<svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m6.427 4.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .354l-3.396 3.396A.25.25 0 0 1 6 11.396V4.604a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177Z"></path></svg></button><div id="_R_17d_" class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_5l7d_">BY COMPANY SIZE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_5l7d_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/enterprise" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;enterprises&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;enterprises_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Enterprises</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/team" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;small_and_medium_teams&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Small and medium teams</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;startups&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;startups_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Startups</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/nonprofits" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;nonprofits&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Nonprofits</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_9l7d_">BY USE CASE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_9l7d_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/app-modernization" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;app_modernization&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;app_modernization_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">App Modernization</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devsecops" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devsecops&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devsecops_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">DevSecOps</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devops" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devops&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devops_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">DevOps</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/ci-cd" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ci/cd&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ci/cd_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS 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height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow-stem___0K8Hz" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_dl7d_">BY INDUSTRY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_dl7d_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/healthcare" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;healthcare&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;healthcare_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Healthcare</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/financial-services" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;financial_services&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;financial_services_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Financial services</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/manufacturing" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;manufacturing&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Manufacturing</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/government" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;government&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;government_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Government</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--arrow-end___esdN8" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">View all industries</span><svg class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow___aaZs9 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link-arrow___yd78i" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow-stem___0K8Hz" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="NavDropdown-module__trailingLinkContainer__VgJGL"><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--arrow-end___esdN8" href="https://github.com/solutions" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_solutions_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">View all solutions</span><svg class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow___aaZs9 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link-arrow___yd78i" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow-stem___0K8Hz" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="_R_1nd_">Resources<svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path 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1.154.42-.718-3.592c-.199.13-.37.235-.505.314l-.169.097a.75.75 0 0 1-.72 0 9.54 9.54 0 0 1-.515-.308l-.16-.105ZM10.586 2.5c-.863 0-1.611.58-1.866 1.459-.209.721-1.231.721-1.44 0C7.025 3.08 6.277 2.5 5.414 2.5 4.598 2.5 4 3.165 4 4.25c0 1.23.786 2.504 2.128 3.719.49.443 1.018.846 1.546 1.198l.325.21.076-.047.251-.163a13.341 13.341 0 0 0 1.546-1.198C11.214 6.754 12 5.479 12 4.25c0-1.085-.598-1.75-1.414-1.75Z"></path></svg>GitHub Sponsors</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Fund open source developers</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ 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href="https://maintainers.github.com" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;maintainer_community&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;open_source&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;maintainer_community_link_open_source_navbar&quot;}" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Maintainer Community</span><svg data-component="Octicon" focusable="false" aria-label="External link" class="octicon octicon-link-external" role="img" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 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style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_dm7d_">REPOSITORIES</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_dm7d_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y 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class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_5mnd_">ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_5mnd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/enterprise" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;enterprise_platform&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;enterprise&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;enterprise_platform_link_enterprise_navbar&quot;}"><span 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1.75 0 0 1-1.756 0L2.119 5.456a1.251 1.251 0 0 1 0-2.162ZM8.125 1.69a.248.248 0 0 0-.25 0l-4.63 2.685 4.63 2.685a.248.248 0 0 0 .25 0l4.63-2.685ZM1.601 7.789a.75.75 0 0 1 1.025-.273l5.249 3.044a.248.248 0 0 0 .25 0l5.249-3.044a.75.75 0 0 1 .752 1.298l-5.248 3.044a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.756 0L1.874 8.814A.75.75 0 0 1 1.6 7.789Zm0 3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.025-.273l5.249 3.044a.248.248 0 0 0 .25 0l5.249-3.044a.75.75 0 0 1 .752 1.298l-5.248 3.044a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.756 0l-5.248-3.044a.75.75 0 0 1-.273-1.025Z"></path></svg>Enterprise platform</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">AI-powered developer platform</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ 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1.217-1.667l5.25-1.68a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0Zm-.61 1.429.001.001-5.25 1.68a.251.251 0 0 0-.174.237V7c0 1.36.275 2.666 1.057 3.859.784 1.194 2.121 2.342 4.366 3.298a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.957 3.582-2.103 4.366-3.297C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.358 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 0 0-.174-.238l-5.25-1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0ZM11.28 6.28l-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-1.5-1.5a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l.97.97 2.97-2.97a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path></svg>GitHub Advanced Security</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Enterprise-grade security features</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 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总结"}]},"issueTemplate":null,"discussionTemplate":null,"richText":"\u003carticle class=\"markdown-body entry-content container-lg\" itemprop=\"text\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e1 前言\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-1-前言\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 1 前言\" href=\"#1-前言\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e有时一个对象的行为取决于一或多个动态变化的属性（状态），这样的对象称为有状态的(stateful)对象，其对象状态是从事先定义好的一系列值中取出。当这样的对象与外部事件产生互动时，内部状态就会改变，对象行为也随之变化。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e在UML中可以使用状态图来描述对象状态的变化。在状态模式中，创建表示各种状态的对象和一个行为随着状态对象改变而改变的 context 对象。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e2 定义\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-2-定义\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 2 定义\" href=\"#2-定义\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e该模式中，类的行为基于其状态改变。即允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为，对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。其别名为状态对象(Objects for States)，状态模式是一种对象行为型模式。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e3 架构\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-3-架构\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 3 架构\" href=\"#3-架构\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContext：环境类\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eState：抽象状态类\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcreteState：具体状态类\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e4 意义\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-4-意义\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 4 意义\" href=\"#4-意义\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e解决：对象的行为依赖于它的状态（属性），并且可以根据它的状态改变而改变它的相关行为。\n状态模式的关键是引入了一个抽象类来专门表示对象的状态 - 抽象状态类。而对象的每种具体状态类都继承该类，并在不同具体状态类中实现不同状态的行为，包括各种状态之间的转换。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e在状态模式结构中需要理解环境类与抽象状态类的作用：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e环境类实际上就是拥有状态的对象，环境类有时候可以充当状态管理器(State Manager)，可在环境类中对状态进行切换操作。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e抽象状态类可以是抽象类，也可是接口，不同状态类就是继承这个父类的不同子类，状态类的产生是由于环境类存在多个状态，同时还满足：这些状态经常需要切换，在不同状态下对象行为不同。\n因此可以将不同对象下的行为单独提取出来封装在具体的状态类中，使得环境类对象在其内部状态改变时可以改变它的行为，对象看起来似乎修改了它的类，而实际上是由于切换到不同的具体状态类实现的。由于环境类可以设置为任一具体状态类，因此它针对抽象状态类进行编程，在程序运行时可以将任一具体状态类的对象设置到环境类中，从而使得环境类可以改变内部状态，并且改变行为。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e5 优点\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-5-优点\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 5 优点\" href=\"#5-优点\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e封装了转换规则\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e枚举可能的状态，在枚举状态之前需要确定状态种类\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e将所有与某个状态有关的行为放到一个类中，并且可以方便地增加新的状态，只需要改变对象状态即可改变对象的行为。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e允许状态转换逻辑与状态对象合成一体，而不是某一个巨大的条件语句块。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e可以让多个环境对象共享一个状态对象，从而减少系统中对象的个数。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e6 缺点\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-6-缺点\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 6 缺点\" href=\"#6-缺点\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e必然增加系统类和对象的个数\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e结构与实现都较为复杂，如果使用不当将导致程序结构和代码的混乱\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e对\"开闭原则\"支持不太好，对可切换状态的状态模式，增加新的状态类需要修改那些负责状态转换的源代码，否则无法切换到新增状态，而且修改某个状态类的行为也需修改对应类的源代码\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e在DDD中，为所有状态创建单独的类会使系统变得复杂。对于实体状态类来说，有些行 为来自于自身，有些行为继承自抽象基类，这一方面在子类和父类之间形成紧耦合，另一方面使代码的可读性变差。但是，使用枚举则非常简单，与通过状态模式来创建标准类型相比，枚举可能是更好的方法。这里我们同时得到了两种方法的好处：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e获得了一个非常简单的标准类型\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e又能有效地表示当前的状态\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e7 适用场景\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-7-适用场景\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 7 适用场景\" href=\"#7-适用场景\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e代码中包含大量与对象状态有关的条件语句：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e对象的行为依赖于它的状态（属性）并且可以根据它的状态改变而改变它的相关行为\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e代码中包含大量与对象状态有关的条件语句，这些条件语句的出现，会导致代码的可维护性和灵活性变差，不能方便地增加和删除状态，使客户类与类库之间的耦合增强。在这些条件语句中包含了对象的行为，而且这些条件对应于对象的各种状态\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e如何解决\n将各种具体的状态类抽象出来。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e关键代码\n通常命令模式的接口中只有一个方法。而状态模式的接口中有一个或者多个方法。而且，状态模式的实现类的方法，一般返回值，或者是改变实例变量的值。也就是说，状态模式一般和对象的状态有关。实现类的方法有不同的功能，覆盖接口中的方法。状态模式和命令模式一样，也可以用于消除 if...else 等条件选择语句。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e在行为受状态约束的时候使用状态模式，而且状态不超过 5 个。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e8 业务应用\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-8-业务应用\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 8 业务应用\" href=\"#8-业务应用\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e在工作流或游戏等类型的软件中得以广泛使用，甚至可以用于这些系统的核心功能设计，如在政府OA办公系统中，一个批文的状态有多种：尚未办理；正在办理；正在批示；正在审核；已经完成等各种状态，而且批文状态不同时对批文的操作也有所差异。使用状态模式可以描述工作流对象（如批文）的状态转换以及不同状态下它所具有的行为。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e9 案例代码\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-9-案例代码\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 9 案例代码\" href=\"#9-案例代码\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8901bcb6fd15ecc4056d8200523ea94bb68e040b154f612297b843dd7488b6cf/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139313234323735352e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8901bcb6fd15ecc4056d8200523ea94bb68e040b154f612297b843dd7488b6cf/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139313234323735352e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572\" alt=\"\" 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src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/1c816aa935b58bd8812906aaef5b41696f2439c003548af11ebd5cf0304d0b0f/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343032323032353434312e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572\" alt=\"\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004022025441.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e实现 State 接口的实体状态类\n\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/b19c68a1e2c21d6177d9924a0c65363fe4db4007ad9a38fb0d9e1178b1f6056f/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343138343635383936372e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/b19c68a1e2c21d6177d9924a0c65363fe4db4007ad9a38fb0d9e1178b1f6056f/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343138343635383936372e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572\" alt=\"\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004184658967.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eContext：带有某状态的类\n\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/05246b706517ee72874e275fbe74ba899533cbefbeec205598e27da73c270fb0/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139303532383832312e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/05246b706517ee72874e275fbe74ba899533cbefbeec205598e27da73c270fb0/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139303532383832312e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572\" alt=\"\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004190528821.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eStatePatternDemo，测试类使用Context 和状态对象展示在状态改变时的行为变化\n\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/d7e3daf3bfbbf83f4f7dd9b799305046f4b70d75c16ab96a5d8d7630a4dd508e/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139313031343432342e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/d7e3daf3bfbbf83f4f7dd9b799305046f4b70d75c16ab96a5d8d7630a4dd508e/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139313031343432342e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572\" alt=\"\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004191014424.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e10 模式扩展\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-10-模式扩展\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 10 模式扩展\" href=\"#10-模式扩展\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e共享状态\n在有些情况下多个环境对象需共享同一状态，若期望在系统中实现多个环境对象实例共享一个或多个状态对象，那么需要将这些状态对象定义为环境的静态成员对象。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e简单状态模式与可切换状态的状态模式\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-简单状态模式与可切换状态的状态模式\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 简单状态模式与可切换状态的状态模式\" href=\"#简单状态模式与可切换状态的状态模式\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e简单状态模式\n状态都相互独立，状态之间无须进行转换的状态模式，这是最简单的一种状态模式。这种状态模式，每个状态类都封装与状态相关的操作，无需关心状态切换，可在客户端直接实例化状态类，然后将状态对象设置到环境类。它遵循“开闭原则”，在客户端可以针对抽象状态类进行编程，而将具体状态类写到配置文件中，同时增加新的状态类对原有系统也不造成任何影响。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e可切换状态的状态模式\n大多数的状态模式都是可切换状态的状态模式，在实现状态切换时，在具体状态类内部需要调用环境类Context的setState()方法进行状态的转换操作，在具体状态类中可以调用到环境类的方法，因此状态类与环境类之间通常还存在关联关系或者依赖关系。通过在状态类中引用环境类的对象来回调环境类的setState()方法实现状态的切换。在这种可以切换状态的状态模式中，增加新的状态类可能需要修改其他某些状态类甚至环境类的源代码，否则系统无法切换到新增状态。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e11 总结\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-11-总结\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 11 总结\" href=\"#11-总结\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e状态模式允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为，对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。其别名为状态对象，状态模式是一种对象行为型模式。\n状态模式包含三个角色：环境类又称为上下文类，它是拥有状态的对象，在环境类中维护一个抽象状态类State的实例，这个实例定义当前状态，在具体实现时，它是一个State子类的对象，可以定义初始状态；抽象状态类用于定义一个接口以封装与环境类的一个特定状态相关的行为；具体状态类是抽象状态类的子类，每一个子类实现一个与环境类的一个状态相关的行为，每一个具体状态类对应环境的一个具体状态，不同的具体状态类其行为有所不同。\n状态模式描述了对象状态的变化以及对象如何在每一种状态下表现出不同的行为。\n状态模式的主要优点在于封装了转换规则，并枚举可能的状态，它将所有与某个状态有关的行为放到一个类中，并且可以方便地增加新的状态，只需要改变对象状态即可改变对象的行为，还可以让多个环境对象共享一个状态对象，从而减少系统中对象的个数；其缺点在于使用状态模式会增加系统类和对象的个数，且状态模式的结构与实现都较为复杂，如果使用不当将导致程序结构和代码的混乱，对于可以切换状态的状态模式不满足“开闭原则”的要求。\n状态模式适用情况包括：对象的行为依赖于它的状态（属性）并且可以根据它的状态改变而改变它的相关行为；代码中包含大量与对象状态有关的条件语句，这些条件语句的出现，会导致代码的可维护性和灵活性变差，不能方便地增加和删除状态，使客户类与类库之间的耦合增强。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"/windrunner2018/Java-Interview-Tutorial/blob/master/assets/公众号.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/windrunner2018/Java-Interview-Tutorial/raw/master/assets/公众号.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","richTextTruncated":false,"renderedFileInfo":null,"symbols":{"timed_out":false,"not_analyzed":false,"symbols":[{"name":"1 前言","fully_qualified_name":"1 前言","kind":"section_1","ident_start":2,"ident_end":10,"extent_start":0,"extent_end":508,"ident_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":2},"end":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":6}},"extent_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":0},"end":{"line_number":5,"utf16_col":0}}},{"name":"2 定义","fully_qualified_name":"2 定义","kind":"section_1","ident_start":510,"ident_end":518,"extent_start":508,"extent_end":775,"ident_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":5,"utf16_col":2},"end":{"line_number":5,"utf16_col":6}},"extent_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":5,"utf16_col":0},"end":{"line_number":8,"utf16_col":0}}},{"name":"3 架构","fully_qualified_name":"3 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1 前言","有时一个对象的行为取决于一或多个动态变化的属性（状态），这样的对象称为有状态的(stateful)对象，其对象状态是从事先定义好的一系列值中取出。当这样的对象与外部事件产生互动时，内部状态就会改变，对象行为也随之变化。","","在UML中可以使用状态图来描述对象状态的变化。在状态模式中，创建表示各种状态的对象和一个行为随着状态对象改变而改变的 context 对象。","","# 2 定义","该模式中，类的行为基于其状态改变。即允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为，对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。其别名为状态对象(Objects for States)，状态模式是一种对象行为型模式。","","# 3 架构","- Context：环境类","- State：抽象状态类","- ConcreteState：具体状态类","","","# 4 意义","解决：对象的行为依赖于它的状态（属性），并且可以根据它的状态改变而改变它的相关行为。","状态模式的关键是引入了一个抽象类来专门表示对象的状态 - 抽象状态类。而对象的每种具体状态类都继承该类，并在不同具体状态类中实现不同状态的行为，包括各种状态之间的转换。","","在状态模式结构中需要理解环境类与抽象状态类的作用：","- 环境类实际上就是拥有状态的对象，环境类有时候可以充当状态管理器(State Manager)，可在环境类中对状态进行切换操作。","- 抽象状态类可以是抽象类，也可是接口，不同状态类就是继承这个父类的不同子类，状态类的产生是由于环境类存在多个状态，同时还满足：这些状态经常需要切换，在不同状态下对象行为不同。","因此可以将不同对象下的行为单独提取出来封装在具体的状态类中，使得环境类对象在其内部状态改变时可以改变它的行为，对象看起来似乎修改了它的类，而实际上是由于切换到不同的具体状态类实现的。由于环境类可以设置为任一具体状态类，因此它针对抽象状态类进行编程，在程序运行时可以将任一具体状态类的对象设置到环境类中，从而使得环境类可以改变内部状态，并且改变行为。","","","# 5 优点","1. 封装了转换规则","2. 枚举可能的状态，在枚举状态之前需要确定状态种类","3. 将所有与某个状态有关的行为放到一个类中，并且可以方便地增加新的状态，只需要改变对象状态即可改变对象的行为。 ","4. 允许状态转换逻辑与状态对象合成一体，而不是某一个巨大的条件语句块。 ","5. 可以让多个环境对象共享一个状态对象，从而减少系统中对象的个数。","","# 6 缺点","1. 必然增加系统类和对象的个数","2. 结构与实现都较为复杂，如果使用不当将导致程序结构和代码的混乱","3. 对\"开闭原则\"支持不太好，对可切换状态的状态模式，增加新的状态类需要修改那些负责状态转换的源代码，否则无法切换到新增状态，而且修改某个状态类的行为也需修改对应类的源代码","","在DDD中，为所有状态创建单独的类会使系统变得复杂。对于实体状态类来说，有些行 为来自于自身，有些行为继承自抽象基类，这一方面在子类和父类之间形成紧耦合，另一方面使代码的可读性变差。但是，使用枚举则非常简单，与通过状态模式来创建标准类型相比，枚举可能是更好的方法。这里我们同时得到了两种方法的好处：","- 获得了一个非常简单的标准类型","- 又能有效地表示当前的状态","","#  7 适用场景","代码中包含大量与对象状态有关的条件语句：","1. 对象的行为依赖于它的状态（属性）并且可以根据它的状态改变而改变它的相关行为","2. 代码中包含大量与对象状态有关的条件语句，这些条件语句的出现，会导致代码的可维护性和灵活性变差，不能方便地增加和删除状态，使客户类与类库之间的耦合增强。在这些条件语句中包含了对象的行为，而且这些条件对应于对象的各种状态","","","- 如何解决","将各种具体的状态类抽象出来。","","- 关键代码","通常命令模式的接口中只有一个方法。而状态模式的接口中有一个或者多个方法。而且，状态模式的实现类的方法，一般返回值，或者是改变实例变量的值。也就是说，状态模式一般和对象的状态有关。实现类的方法有不同的功能，覆盖接口中的方法。状态模式和命令模式一样，也可以用于消除 if...else 等条件选择语句。","","\u003e 在行为受状态约束的时候使用状态模式，而且状态不超过 5 个。","","# 8 业务应用","在工作流或游戏等类型的软件中得以广泛使用，甚至可以用于这些系统的核心功能设计，如在政府OA办公系统中，一个批文的状态有多种：尚未办理；正在办理；正在批示；正在审核；已经完成等各种状态，而且批文状态不同时对批文的操作也有所差异。使用状态模式可以描述工作流对象（如批文）的状态转换以及不同状态下它所具有的行为。","","# 9 案例代码","![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004191242755.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center)","","1. State 接口","![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004022025441.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center)","2. 实现 State 接口的实体状态类","![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004184658967.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center)","3. Context：带有某状态的类","![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004190528821.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center)","","4. StatePatternDemo，测试类使用Context 和状态对象展示在状态改变时的行为变化","![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004191014424.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center)","# 10 模式扩展","- 共享状态","在有些情况下多个环境对象需共享同一状态，若期望在系统中实现多个环境对象实例共享一个或多个状态对象，那么需要将这些状态对象定义为环境的静态成员对象。","","## 简单状态模式与可切换状态的状态模式","- 简单状态模式","状态都相互独立，状态之间无须进行转换的状态模式，这是最简单的一种状态模式。这种状态模式，每个状态类都封装与状态相关的操作，无需关心状态切换，可在客户端直接实例化状态类，然后将状态对象设置到环境类。它遵循“开闭原则”，在客户端可以针对抽象状态类进行编程，而将具体状态类写到配置文件中，同时增加新的状态类对原有系统也不造成任何影响。","- 可切换状态的状态模式","大多数的状态模式都是可切换状态的状态模式，在实现状态切换时，在具体状态类内部需要调用环境类Context的setState()方法进行状态的转换操作，在具体状态类中可以调用到环境类的方法，因此状态类与环境类之间通常还存在关联关系或者依赖关系。通过在状态类中引用环境类的对象来回调环境类的setState()方法实现状态的切换。在这种可以切换状态的状态模式中，增加新的状态类可能需要修改其他某些状态类甚至环境类的源代码，否则系统无法切换到新增状态。","","# 11 总结","状态模式允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为，对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。其别名为状态对象，状态模式是一种对象行为型模式。","状态模式包含三个角色：环境类又称为上下文类，它是拥有状态的对象，在环境类中维护一个抽象状态类State的实例，这个实例定义当前状态，在具体实现时，它是一个State子类的对象，可以定义初始状态；抽象状态类用于定义一个接口以封装与环境类的一个特定状态相关的行为；具体状态类是抽象状态类的子类，每一个子类实现一个与环境类的一个状态相关的行为，每一个具体状态类对应环境的一个具体状态，不同的具体状态类其行为有所不同。","状态模式描述了对象状态的变化以及对象如何在每一种状态下表现出不同的行为。","状态模式的主要优点在于封装了转换规则，并枚举可能的状态，它将所有与某个状态有关的行为放到一个类中，并且可以方便地增加新的状态，只需要改变对象状态即可改变对象的行为，还可以让多个环境对象共享一个状态对象，从而减少系统中对象的个数；其缺点在于使用状态模式会增加系统类和对象的个数，且状态模式的结构与实现都较为复杂，如果使用不当将导致程序结构和代码的混乱，对于可以切换状态的状态模式不满足“开闭原则”的要求。","状态模式适用情况包括：对象的行为依赖于它的状态（属性）并且可以根据它的状态改变而改变它的相关行为；代码中包含大量与对象状态有关的条件语句，这些条件语句的出现，会导致代码的可维护性和灵活性变差，不能方便地增加和删除状态，使客户类与类库之间的耦合增强。","","\u003cimg src=\"../assets/公众号.png\"\u003e"],"stylingDirectives":[[[0,6,"pl-mh"],[2,6,"pl-en"]],[],[],[],[],[[0,6,"pl-mh"],[2,6,"pl-en"]],[],[],[[0,6,"pl-mh"],[2,6,"pl-en"]],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[],[],[[0,6,"pl-mh"],[2,6,"pl-en"]],[],[],[],[],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[],[],[],[[0,6,"pl-mh"],[2,6,"pl-en"]],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[],[[0,6,"pl-mh"],[2,6,"pl-en"]],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[],[],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[],[[0,9,"pl-mh"],[3,9,"pl-en"]],[],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[],[],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[],[],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[],[],[[0,32,"pl-ent"],[0,2,"pl-ent"]],[[0,0,"pl-ent"]],[[0,8,"pl-mh"],[2,8,"pl-en"]],[],[],[[0,8,"pl-mh"],[2,8,"pl-en"]],[[0,2,"pl-s"],[2,3,"pl-s"],[3,4,"pl-s"],[4,173,"pl-corl"],[173,174,"pl-s"]],[],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[[0,2,"pl-s"],[2,3,"pl-s"],[3,4,"pl-s"],[4,173,"pl-corl"],[173,174,"pl-s"]],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[[0,2,"pl-s"],[2,3,"pl-s"],[3,4,"pl-s"],[4,173,"pl-corl"],[173,174,"pl-s"]],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[[0,2,"pl-s"],[2,3,"pl-s"],[3,4,"pl-s"],[4,173,"pl-corl"],[173,174,"pl-s"]],[],[[0,1,"pl-s"],[1,2,"pl-v"]],[[0,2,"pl-s"],[2,3,"pl-s"],[3,4,"pl-s"],[4,173,"pl-corl"],[173,174,"pl-s"]],[[0,9,"pl-mh"],[2,9,"pl-en"]],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[],[],[[0,20,"pl-mh"],[3,20,"pl-en"]],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[],[],[[0,7,"pl-mh"],[2,7,"pl-en"]],[],[],[],[],[],[],[[1,4,"pl-ent"],[5,8,"pl-e"],[9,10,"pl-s"],[10,27,"pl-s"],[27,28,"pl-s"]]],"colorizedLines":null}},"title":"Java-Interview-Tutorial/设计模式/设计模式实战-状态模式.md at master · windrunner2018/Java-Interview-Tutorial","appPayload":{},"meta":{"title":"Java-Interview-Tutorial/设计模式/设计模式实战-状态模式.md at master · windrunner2018/Java-Interview-Tutorial"}}</script>
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class="js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned BlobContent-module__markdownBlob__T8jpG" data-hpc="true" containertiming="hpc"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">1 前言</h1><a id="user-content-1-前言" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 1 前言" href="#1-前言"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">有时一个对象的行为取决于一或多个动态变化的属性（状态），这样的对象称为有状态的(stateful)对象，其对象状态是从事先定义好的一系列值中取出。当这样的对象与外部事件产生互动时，内部状态就会改变，对象行为也随之变化。</p>
<p dir="auto">在UML中可以使用状态图来描述对象状态的变化。在状态模式中，创建表示各种状态的对象和一个行为随着状态对象改变而改变的 context 对象。</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">2 定义</h1><a id="user-content-2-定义" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 2 定义" href="#2-定义"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">该模式中，类的行为基于其状态改变。即允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为，对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。其别名为状态对象(Objects for States)，状态模式是一种对象行为型模式。</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">3 架构</h1><a id="user-content-3-架构" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 3 架构" href="#3-架构"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>Context：环境类</li>
<li>State：抽象状态类</li>
<li>ConcreteState：具体状态类</li>
</ul>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">4 意义</h1><a id="user-content-4-意义" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 4 意义" href="#4-意义"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">解决：对象的行为依赖于它的状态（属性），并且可以根据它的状态改变而改变它的相关行为。
状态模式的关键是引入了一个抽象类来专门表示对象的状态 - 抽象状态类。而对象的每种具体状态类都继承该类，并在不同具体状态类中实现不同状态的行为，包括各种状态之间的转换。</p>
<p dir="auto">在状态模式结构中需要理解环境类与抽象状态类的作用：</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>环境类实际上就是拥有状态的对象，环境类有时候可以充当状态管理器(State Manager)，可在环境类中对状态进行切换操作。</li>
<li>抽象状态类可以是抽象类，也可是接口，不同状态类就是继承这个父类的不同子类，状态类的产生是由于环境类存在多个状态，同时还满足：这些状态经常需要切换，在不同状态下对象行为不同。
因此可以将不同对象下的行为单独提取出来封装在具体的状态类中，使得环境类对象在其内部状态改变时可以改变它的行为，对象看起来似乎修改了它的类，而实际上是由于切换到不同的具体状态类实现的。由于环境类可以设置为任一具体状态类，因此它针对抽象状态类进行编程，在程序运行时可以将任一具体状态类的对象设置到环境类中，从而使得环境类可以改变内部状态，并且改变行为。</li>
</ul>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">5 优点</h1><a id="user-content-5-优点" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 5 优点" href="#5-优点"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>封装了转换规则</li>
<li>枚举可能的状态，在枚举状态之前需要确定状态种类</li>
<li>将所有与某个状态有关的行为放到一个类中，并且可以方便地增加新的状态，只需要改变对象状态即可改变对象的行为。</li>
<li>允许状态转换逻辑与状态对象合成一体，而不是某一个巨大的条件语句块。</li>
<li>可以让多个环境对象共享一个状态对象，从而减少系统中对象的个数。</li>
</ol>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">6 缺点</h1><a id="user-content-6-缺点" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 6 缺点" href="#6-缺点"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>必然增加系统类和对象的个数</li>
<li>结构与实现都较为复杂，如果使用不当将导致程序结构和代码的混乱</li>
<li>对"开闭原则"支持不太好，对可切换状态的状态模式，增加新的状态类需要修改那些负责状态转换的源代码，否则无法切换到新增状态，而且修改某个状态类的行为也需修改对应类的源代码</li>
</ol>
<p dir="auto">在DDD中，为所有状态创建单独的类会使系统变得复杂。对于实体状态类来说，有些行 为来自于自身，有些行为继承自抽象基类，这一方面在子类和父类之间形成紧耦合，另一方面使代码的可读性变差。但是，使用枚举则非常简单，与通过状态模式来创建标准类型相比，枚举可能是更好的方法。这里我们同时得到了两种方法的好处：</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>获得了一个非常简单的标准类型</li>
<li>又能有效地表示当前的状态</li>
</ul>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">7 适用场景</h1><a id="user-content-7-适用场景" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 7 适用场景" href="#7-适用场景"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">代码中包含大量与对象状态有关的条件语句：</p>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>对象的行为依赖于它的状态（属性）并且可以根据它的状态改变而改变它的相关行为</li>
<li>代码中包含大量与对象状态有关的条件语句，这些条件语句的出现，会导致代码的可维护性和灵活性变差，不能方便地增加和删除状态，使客户类与类库之间的耦合增强。在这些条件语句中包含了对象的行为，而且这些条件对应于对象的各种状态</li>
</ol>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>
<p dir="auto">如何解决
将各种具体的状态类抽象出来。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p dir="auto">关键代码
通常命令模式的接口中只有一个方法。而状态模式的接口中有一个或者多个方法。而且，状态模式的实现类的方法，一般返回值，或者是改变实例变量的值。也就是说，状态模式一般和对象的状态有关。实现类的方法有不同的功能，覆盖接口中的方法。状态模式和命令模式一样，也可以用于消除 if...else 等条件选择语句。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p dir="auto">在行为受状态约束的时候使用状态模式，而且状态不超过 5 个。</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">8 业务应用</h1><a id="user-content-8-业务应用" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 8 业务应用" href="#8-业务应用"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">在工作流或游戏等类型的软件中得以广泛使用，甚至可以用于这些系统的核心功能设计，如在政府OA办公系统中，一个批文的状态有多种：尚未办理；正在办理；正在批示；正在审核；已经完成等各种状态，而且批文状态不同时对批文的操作也有所差异。使用状态模式可以描述工作流对象（如批文）的状态转换以及不同状态下它所具有的行为。</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">9 案例代码</h1><a id="user-content-9-案例代码" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 9 案例代码" href="#9-案例代码"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8901bcb6fd15ecc4056d8200523ea94bb68e040b154f612297b843dd7488b6cf/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139313234323735352e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8901bcb6fd15ecc4056d8200523ea94bb68e040b154f612297b843dd7488b6cf/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139313234323735352e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572" alt="" data-canonical-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004191242755.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>
<p dir="auto">State 接口
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/1c816aa935b58bd8812906aaef5b41696f2439c003548af11ebd5cf0304d0b0f/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343032323032353434312e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/1c816aa935b58bd8812906aaef5b41696f2439c003548af11ebd5cf0304d0b0f/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343032323032353434312e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572" alt="" data-canonical-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004022025441.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p dir="auto">实现 State 接口的实体状态类
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/b19c68a1e2c21d6177d9924a0c65363fe4db4007ad9a38fb0d9e1178b1f6056f/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343138343635383936372e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/b19c68a1e2c21d6177d9924a0c65363fe4db4007ad9a38fb0d9e1178b1f6056f/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343138343635383936372e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572" alt="" data-canonical-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004184658967.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p dir="auto">Context：带有某状态的类
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/05246b706517ee72874e275fbe74ba899533cbefbeec205598e27da73c270fb0/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139303532383832312e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/05246b706517ee72874e275fbe74ba899533cbefbeec205598e27da73c270fb0/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139303532383832312e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572" alt="" data-canonical-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004190528821.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p dir="auto">StatePatternDemo，测试类使用Context 和状态对象展示在状态改变时的行为变化
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/d7e3daf3bfbbf83f4f7dd9b799305046f4b70d75c16ab96a5d8d7630a4dd508e/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139313031343432342e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/d7e3daf3bfbbf83f4f7dd9b799305046f4b70d75c16ab96a5d8d7630a4dd508e/68747470733a2f2f696d672d626c6f672e6373646e696d672e636e2f32303230313030343139313031343432342e706e673f782d6f73732d70726f636573733d696d6167652f77617465726d61726b2c747970655f5a6d46755a33706f5a57356e6147567064476b2c736861646f775f31302c746578745f536d46325955566b5a32553d2c73697a655f32352c636f6c6f725f4646464630302c745f3730237069635f63656e746572" alt="" data-canonical-src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201004191014424.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_SmF2YUVkZ2U=,size_25,color_FFFF00,t_70#pic_center" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">10 模式扩展</h1><a id="user-content-10-模式扩展" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 10 模式扩展" href="#10-模式扩展"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>共享状态
在有些情况下多个环境对象需共享同一状态，若期望在系统中实现多个环境对象实例共享一个或多个状态对象，那么需要将这些状态对象定义为环境的静态成员对象。</li>
</ul>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">简单状态模式与可切换状态的状态模式</h2><a id="user-content-简单状态模式与可切换状态的状态模式" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 简单状态模式与可切换状态的状态模式" href="#简单状态模式与可切换状态的状态模式"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>简单状态模式
状态都相互独立，状态之间无须进行转换的状态模式，这是最简单的一种状态模式。这种状态模式，每个状态类都封装与状态相关的操作，无需关心状态切换，可在客户端直接实例化状态类，然后将状态对象设置到环境类。它遵循“开闭原则”，在客户端可以针对抽象状态类进行编程，而将具体状态类写到配置文件中，同时增加新的状态类对原有系统也不造成任何影响。</li>
<li>可切换状态的状态模式
大多数的状态模式都是可切换状态的状态模式，在实现状态切换时，在具体状态类内部需要调用环境类Context的setState()方法进行状态的转换操作，在具体状态类中可以调用到环境类的方法，因此状态类与环境类之间通常还存在关联关系或者依赖关系。通过在状态类中引用环境类的对象来回调环境类的setState()方法实现状态的切换。在这种可以切换状态的状态模式中，增加新的状态类可能需要修改其他某些状态类甚至环境类的源代码，否则系统无法切换到新增状态。</li>
</ul>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">11 总结</h1><a id="user-content-11-总结" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 11 总结" href="#11-总结"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">状态模式允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为，对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。其别名为状态对象，状态模式是一种对象行为型模式。
状态模式包含三个角色：环境类又称为上下文类，它是拥有状态的对象，在环境类中维护一个抽象状态类State的实例，这个实例定义当前状态，在具体实现时，它是一个State子类的对象，可以定义初始状态；抽象状态类用于定义一个接口以封装与环境类的一个特定状态相关的行为；具体状态类是抽象状态类的子类，每一个子类实现一个与环境类的一个状态相关的行为，每一个具体状态类对应环境的一个具体状态，不同的具体状态类其行为有所不同。
状态模式描述了对象状态的变化以及对象如何在每一种状态下表现出不同的行为。
状态模式的主要优点在于封装了转换规则，并枚举可能的状态，它将所有与某个状态有关的行为放到一个类中，并且可以方便地增加新的状态，只需要改变对象状态即可改变对象的行为，还可以让多个环境对象共享一个状态对象，从而减少系统中对象的个数；其缺点在于使用状态模式会增加系统类和对象的个数，且状态模式的结构与实现都较为复杂，如果使用不当将导致程序结构和代码的混乱，对于可以切换状态的状态模式不满足“开闭原则”的要求。
状态模式适用情况包括：对象的行为依赖于它的状态（属性）并且可以根据它的状态改变而改变它的相关行为；代码中包含大量与对象状态有关的条件语句，这些条件语句的出现，会导致代码的可维护性和灵活性变差，不能方便地增加和删除状态，使客户类与类库之间的耦合增强。</p>
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