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class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_5knd_">AI CODE CREATION</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_5knd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/copilot" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_copilot&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_copilot_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ 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1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Z"></path><path d="M6.25 9.037a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm4.25.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path></svg>GitHub Copilot</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Write better code with AI</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/ai/github-app" 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class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Direct agents from issue to merge</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/mcp" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;mcp_registry&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;mcp_registry_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy 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0 0 0-2.94 2.08 2.08 0 0 0-2.94 0l-4.799 4.8A.75.75 0 0 1 .72 5.92Z"></path><path d="M7.52 3.12a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06L5.731 7.03A2.079 2.079 0 0 0 8.67 9.97l2.85-2.85a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-2.849 2.85A3.578 3.578 0 0 1 4.67 5.97Z"></path></svg>MCP Registry</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Integrate external tools</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_9knd_">DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS</span><ul 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0-.25-.25Zm-2 9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M7 12.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path></svg>Codespaces</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Instant dev environments</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/issues" 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NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg>Code Review</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Manage code changes</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/code-quality" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;code_quality&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;code_quality_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-codescan-checkmark NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M10.28 6.28a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06-1.06L6.25 8.19l-.97-.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l1.5 1.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l3.5-3.5Z"></path><path d="M7.5 15a7.5 7.5 0 1 1 5.807-2.754l2.473 2.474a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-2.474-2.473A7.472 7.472 0 0 1 7.5 15Zm0-13.5a6 6 0 1 0 4.094 10.386.748.748 0 0 1 .293-.292 6.002 6.002 0 0 0 1.117-6.486A6.002 6.002 0 0 0 7.5 1.5Z"></path></svg>Code Quality</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Enforce quality at merge</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_dknd_">APPLICATION SECURITY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_dknd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_advanced_security&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_advanced_security_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-shield-check NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m8.533.133 5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667l5.25-1.68a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0Zm-.61 1.429.001.001-5.25 1.68a.251.251 0 0 0-.174.237V7c0 1.36.275 2.666 1.057 3.859.784 1.194 2.121 2.342 4.366 3.298a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.957 3.582-2.103 4.366-3.297C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.358 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 0 0-.174-.238l-5.25-1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0ZM11.28 6.28l-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-1.5-1.5a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l.97.97 2.97-2.97a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path></svg>GitHub Advanced Security</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Find and fix vulnerabilities</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/code-security" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;code_security&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;code_security_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-code-square NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm7.47 3.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L10.69 8 9.22 6.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06ZM6.78 6.53 5.31 8l1.47 1.47a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path></svg>Code security</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Secure your code as you build</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/secret-protection" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;secret_protection&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;secret_protection_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-lock NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M4 4a4 4 0 0 1 8 0v2h.25c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 13.25v-5.5C2 6.784 2.784 6 3.75 6H4Zm8.25 3.5h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v5.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM10.5 6V4a2.5 2.5 0 1 0-5 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1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--is-external___xsncV" href="https://github.blog" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;blog&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;blog_link_platform_navbar&quot;}" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS 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0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/marketplace" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;marketplace&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;marketplace_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS 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class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="_R_17d_">Solutions<svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m6.427 4.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .354l-3.396 3.396A.25.25 0 0 1 6 11.396V4.604a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177Z"></path></svg></button><div id="_R_17d_" class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_5l7d_">BY COMPANY SIZE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_5l7d_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/enterprise" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;enterprises&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;enterprises_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Enterprises</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/team" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;small_and_medium_teams&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Small and medium teams</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;startups&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;startups_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Startups</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/nonprofits" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;nonprofits&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Nonprofits</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_9l7d_">BY USE CASE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_9l7d_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/app-modernization" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;app_modernization&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;app_modernization_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">App Modernization</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devsecops" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devsecops&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devsecops_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">DevSecOps</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devops" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devops&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devops_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">DevOps</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/ci-cd" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ci/cd&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ci/cd_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">CI/CD</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--arrow-end___esdN8" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_use_cases&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">View all use cases</span><svg class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow___aaZs9 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link-arrow___yd78i" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow-stem___0K8Hz" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_dl7d_">BY INDUSTRY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_dl7d_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/healthcare" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;healthcare&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;healthcare_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Healthcare</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/financial-services" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;financial_services&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;financial_services_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Financial services</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/manufacturing" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;manufacturing&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Manufacturing</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/government" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;government&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;government_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Government</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--arrow-end___esdN8" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">View all industries</span><svg class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow___aaZs9 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link-arrow___yd78i" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow-stem___0K8Hz" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="NavDropdown-module__trailingLinkContainer__VgJGL"><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--arrow-end___esdN8" href="https://github.com/solutions" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_solutions_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">View all solutions</span><svg class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow___aaZs9 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link-arrow___yd78i" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow-stem___0K8Hz" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="_R_1nd_">Resources<svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m6.427 4.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .354l-3.396 3.396A.25.25 0 0 1 6 11.396V4.604a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177Z"></path></svg></button><div id="_R_1nd_" class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_5lnd_">EXPLORE BY TOPIC</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_5lnd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=ai" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ai&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ai_link_resources_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">AI</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=software-development" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;software_development&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;software_development_link_resources_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Software Development</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=devops" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devops&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devops_link_resources_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS 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style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_dm7d_">REPOSITORIES</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_dm7d_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y 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class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Collections</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="_R_2nd_">Enterprise<svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m6.427 4.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .354l-3.396 3.396A.25.25 0 0 1 6 11.396V4.604a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177Z"></path></svg></button><div id="_R_2nd_" class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_5mnd_">ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_5mnd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/enterprise" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;enterprise_platform&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;enterprise&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;enterprise_platform_link_enterprise_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-stack NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M7.122.392a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.756 0l5.003 2.902c.83.481.83 1.68 0 2.162L8.878 8.358a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.756 0L2.119 5.456a1.251 1.251 0 0 1 0-2.162ZM8.125 1.69a.248.248 0 0 0-.25 0l-4.63 2.685 4.63 2.685a.248.248 0 0 0 .25 0l4.63-2.685ZM1.601 7.789a.75.75 0 0 1 1.025-.273l5.249 3.044a.248.248 0 0 0 .25 0l5.249-3.044a.75.75 0 0 1 .752 1.298l-5.248 3.044a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.756 0L1.874 8.814A.75.75 0 0 1 1.6 7.789Zm0 3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.025-.273l5.249 3.044a.248.248 0 0 0 .25 0l5.249-3.044a.75.75 0 0 1 .752 1.298l-5.248 3.044a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.756 0l-5.248-3.044a.75.75 0 0 1-.273-1.025Z"></path></svg>Enterprise platform</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">AI-powered developer platform</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ 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1.217-1.667l5.25-1.68a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0Zm-.61 1.429.001.001-5.25 1.68a.251.251 0 0 0-.174.237V7c0 1.36.275 2.666 1.057 3.859.784 1.194 2.121 2.342 4.366 3.298a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.957 3.582-2.103 4.366-3.297C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.358 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 0 0-.174-.238l-5.25-1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0ZM11.28 6.28l-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-1.5-1.5a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l.97.97 2.97-2.97a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path></svg>GitHub Advanced Security</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Enterprise-grade security features</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/copilot/copilot-business" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;copilot_for_business&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;enterprise&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;copilot_for_business_link_enterprise_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-copilot NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M7.998 15.035c-4.562 0-7.873-2.914-7.998-3.749V9.338c.085-.628.677-1.686 1.588-2.065.013-.07.024-.143.036-.218.029-.183.06-.384.126-.612-.201-.508-.254-1.084-.254-1.656 0-.87.128-1.769.693-2.484.579-.733 1.494-1.124 2.724-1.261 1.206-.134 2.262.034 2.944.765.05.053.096.108.139.165.044-.057.094-.112.143-.165.682-.731 1.738-.899 2.944-.765 1.23.137 2.145.528 2.724 1.261.566.715.693 1.614.693 2.484 0 .572-.053 1.148-.254 1.656.066.228.098.429.126.612.012.076.024.148.037.218.924.385 1.522 1.471 1.591 2.095v1.872c0 .766-3.351 3.795-8.002 3.795Zm0-1.485c2.28 0 4.584-1.11 5.002-1.433V7.862l-.023-.116c-.49.21-1.075.291-1.727.291-1.146 0-2.059-.327-2.71-.991A3.222 3.222 0 0 1 8 6.303a3.24 3.24 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aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e维护者验证 —— 真实 \u003ccode\u003eqwen serve\u003c/code\u003e 守护进程端到端\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-维护者验证--真实-qwen-serve-守护进程端到端\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 维护者验证 —— 真实 qwen serve 守护进程端到端\" href=\"#维护者验证--真实-qwen-serve-守护进程端到端\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e在 \u003ccode\u003e702c665c94d66e4cd2aff1853502e6b74d5e6c47\u003c/code\u003e 上于 Linux / Node v22.22.2（PR 标注\"未测试\"的那一行）针对\u003cstrong\u003e真实运行的 \u003ccode\u003eqwen serve\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e 完成验证：真实 HTTP、真实 ACP 子进程、经 \u003ccode\u003ePOST /session/:id/attachments\u003c/code\u003e 的真实上传、磁盘上的真实字节。测试台使用隔离的 \u003ccode\u003eHOME\u003c/code\u003e、两个注册工作区、一个 OpenAI 兼容的 mock 模型，以及一个降权到 uid 1500 运行的守护进程实例——这样 \u003ccode\u003echmod 000\u003c/code\u003e 才是真正的 \u003ccode\u003eEACCES\u003c/code\u003e，而不会被 root 直接绕过。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e结论：建议合入。\u003c/strong\u003e 39 项端到端检查中 37 项通过。失败的 2 项恰好是审查机器人在第 9–10 轮延后的两条 Critical：两条都能复现，且都是 fails-closed、影响范围限于单个工作区、不具粘性，并且只有在存储根处于\u003cstrong\u003e权限/IO 故障\u003c/strong\u003e状态时才会触发（根目录\"不存在\"的情形处理正确）。默认路径没有任何变化：不设置环境变量时的布局与之前逐字节一致。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e测试套件\u003c/strong\u003e：\u003ccode\u003esessionAttachments.test.ts\u003c/code\u003e 76 通过；\u003ccode\u003ebridge.test.ts\u003c/code\u003e 836 通过；CLI 侧 \u003ccode\u003esession-attachments-root\u003c/code\u003e + \u003ccode\u003eprocess-env-guard\u003c/code\u003e + \u003ccode\u003eshared-env-keys\u003c/code\u003e + \u003ccode\u003esession-archive\u003c/code\u003e 共 132 通过；对 PR 新增逻辑植入 9 个变异体，\u003cstrong\u003e9 个全部被杀死\u003c/strong\u003e；本地完整 \u003ccode\u003enpm ci \u0026amp;\u0026amp; npm run build\u003c/code\u003e 干净通过。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 · 迁移路径\u003c/strong\u003e（截图 1）：环境变量未设置时字节落在 \u003ccode\u003e~/.qwen/tmp/\u0026lt;projectHash\u0026gt;/attachments/session-\u0026lt;id\u0026gt;/\u003c/code\u003e，配置根不会被创建；设置后新上传落在 \u003ccode\u003e\u0026lt;root\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;projectHash\u0026gt;/attachments/session-\u0026lt;id\u0026gt;/\u003c/code\u003e 且不触碰默认目录；切换前上传的附件仍能按原字节读回（fallback 读取）；切换后同名上传被分配 \u003ccode\u003elegacy (1).txt\u003c/code\u003e，而切换前的 \u003ccode\u003elegacy.txt\u003c/code\u003e 仍返回\u003cstrong\u003e原始\u003c/strong\u003e字节——\"不遮蔽\"保证在真实 HTTP 上传下成立，而非仅在单测中；两个工作区共用同一配置根时各自拥有独立的 \u003ccode\u003e\u0026lt;projectHash\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e 子树。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 · 两个根上的生命周期\u003c/strong\u003e（截图 2）：\u003ccode\u003eDELETE /session/:id/attachments/:id\u003c/code\u003e 对\"仅在 fallback\"和\"仅在配置根\"的副本都能删除，删除后该 id 返回 404；对\u003cstrong\u003e确实已持久化\u003c/strong\u003e的会话执行 \u003ccode\u003ePOST /sessions/delete\u003c/code\u003e（返回 \u003ccode\u003eremoved:[…]\u003c/code\u003e 而非 \u003ccode\u003enotFound\u003c/code\u003e）会清理两个根下的会话目录，且不残留 \u003ccode\u003e.deleting\u003c/code\u003e 墓碑；\u003ccode\u003ePOST /sessions/archive\u003c/code\u003e（同样非空转，返回 \u003ccode\u003earchived:[…]\u003c/code\u003e）保留附件，与文档一致；\u003ccode\u003ePOST /session/:id/branch\u003c/code\u003e 会把两个根的附件都复制到新会话的配置目录——切换前的附件能在分支后存活。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 · 配置面\u003c/strong\u003e（截图 3）：项目 \u003ccode\u003e.env\u003c/code\u003e 中写入 \u003ccode\u003eQWEN_SERVE_SESSION_ATTACHMENTS_ROOT=\u0026lt;exfil\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e 被忽略——上传仍落在默认根，exfil 目录始终未被创建（对照组：同一变量放在守护进程启动环境中确实会改变存储位置，见第 1 节）。\u003ccode\u003ePROJECT_ENV_HARDCODED_EXCLUSIONS\u003c/code\u003e 端到端成立，而不只在 \u003ccode\u003efast-path.test.ts\u003c/code\u003e 中成立。\u003ccode\u003e~/…\u003c/code\u003e 按守护进程 home 展开，相对路径按守护进程 cwd 解析，字节都落在解析器所说的位置。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4 · 降级根 —— 两条延后的 Critical 均复现\u003c/strong\u003e（截图 4）：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eF1 —— 配置根不可读时，\u003ccode\u003eremove()\u003c/code\u003e 拒绝删除只存在于 fallback 的副本\u003c/strong\u003e（延后项 \u003ccode\u003eR7-2\u003c/code\u003e）。\u003ccode\u003eDELETE\u003c/code\u003e 返回 \u003ccode\u003e500 EACCES: … stat '\u0026lt;configured\u0026gt;/session-\u0026lt;id\u0026gt;/legacy-only.txt'\u003c/code\u003e，而健康 fallback 中的副本仍留在磁盘上。\u003ccode\u003esessionAttachments.ts:729-732\u003c/code\u003e 在改动任一根之前先用 \u003ccode\u003ehasAttachment()\u003c/code\u003e 探测两个根，而 \u003ccode\u003ehasAttachment\u003c/code\u003e 会把任何非 \u003ccode\u003eENOENT\u003c/code\u003e 的 stat 故障重新抛出——于是一个降级的\u003cstrong\u003e配置\u003c/strong\u003e根会挡住只存在于\u003cstrong\u003e可写\u003c/strong\u003e fallback 中副本的 unlink。\u003ccode\u003edocs/users/qwen-serve.md:724\u003c/code\u003e 承诺旧副本\"在默认 fallback 目录保持可写时可删除\"，而代码额外要求配置根必须可 stat。建议要么放宽文档措辞，要么让某一个根上的非 \u003ccode\u003eENOENT\u003c/code\u003e 故障降级为\"未知\"并仍尝试另一个根的 unlink。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eF2 —— 旧 fallback 根 stat 被拒时，所有新上传都被拒绝\u003c/strong\u003e（延后的 write-arm 项）。\u003ccode\u003eputAttachment\u003c/code\u003e 对每个候选文件名都会查询 \u003ccode\u003estatSizeStrict(\u0026lt;fallback\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;candidate\u0026gt;)\u003c/code\u003e（\u003ccode\u003esessionAttachments.ts:412-420\u003c/code\u003e），而 \u003ccode\u003estatSizeStrict\u003c/code\u003e 会重新抛出非 \u003ccode\u003eENOENT\u003c/code\u003e 错误——于是一个不可读的旧目录会让本可由健康配置根服务的上传返回 \u003ccode\u003e500 EACCES\u003c/code\u003e。占用检查本身是对的，错的只是它的失败方式。实测影响范围：\u003cstrong\u003e该工作区的所有会话\u003c/strong\u003e，兄弟工作区不受影响，且不具粘性——恢复该根后上传立刻恢复。可以考虑\"把 stat 故障有界地视为已占用，超出次数后退回随机后缀\"，这样既保住不遮蔽保证，又不至于让写入失败。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e两个故障都需要\u003cstrong\u003e权限/IO\u003c/strong\u003e 错误。旧目录不存在、乃至整个旧根都不存在的情形处理正确（\u003ccode\u003eENOENT\u003c/code\u003e → 名字空闲，上传 \u003ccode\u003e201\u003c/code\u003e），已在第 2 节的 phase 9 中验证。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 · 变异测试\u003c/strong\u003e（截图 5）：对 PR 自身逻辑做了 9 处单行回退，全部被 PR 自带的测试套件捕获。覆盖：fallback 根传入 \u003ccode\u003edeleteSessionAttachments\u003c/code\u003e、fallback 文件名占用检查、\u003ccode\u003ecopyFrom\u003c/code\u003e 中的 \u003ccode\u003eremovingNames\u003c/code\u003e 过滤（R7-1 的修复）、孤儿回收的附件清理、读路径的 \u003ccode\u003epeekDirectory()\u003c/code\u003e 而非强制 \u003ccode\u003edirectory()\u003c/code\u003e、\u003ccode\u003edelete()\u003c/code\u003e 的 fallback 分支、\u003ccode\u003eremove()\u003c/code\u003e 的 fallback 分支、\u003ccode\u003e\u0026lt;projectHash\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e 隔离段、以及环境变量值的 \u003ccode\u003etrim()\u003c/code\u003e。无幸存者。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 · 单向迁移的边界\u003c/strong\u003e（截图 6）：补上了此前被列为\"未审查\"的缺口——移除环境变量、以及从配置根 A 轮换到配置根 B，都会让根 A 中的副本不可达，表现为干净的 \u003ccode\u003e404\u003c/code\u003e，既不崩溃也不会返回错误字节。文档的\"单向迁移\"条目只写了\"移除环境变量\"这一个方向；建议补一句 A→B 轮换，因为在两个卷之间搬迁才是运维更容易踩的那种错。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e观察项（非阻断）\u003c/strong\u003e：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e新增的孤儿回收清理实际在哪些路径上运行。\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ccode\u003edeleteDaemonSessionIfOrphan\u003c/code\u003e 在 \u003ccode\u003eroutes/session.ts\u003c/code\u003e 中有四个调用点，三个是错误回滚路径，第四个是客户端断连分支 \u003ccode\u003eif (!res.writable)\u003c/code\u003e。在 Node 22 上，对端 socket 被销毁后 \u003ccode\u003eres.writable\u003c/code\u003e 仍为 \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e——用 10 行 \u003ccode\u003ehttp.createServer\u003c/code\u003e 验证过，端到端也验证过：一个发送完整 \u003ccode\u003ePOST /session\u003c/code\u003e 后立即销毁自身的裸 socket，会让会话继续存活、两个预置的附件目录都原封不动。该分支是本 PR 未触碰的 \u003ccode\u003emain\u003c/code\u003e 既有代码；提出来只是因为它收窄了新增清理逻辑的实际生效范围。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e第 10 轮的 \u003ccode\u003eD10-1\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e（回收器的 \u003ccode\u003eremoval.kind !== 'error'\u003c/code\u003e 判定会在\"行已删除但后续步骤出错\"时跳过清理）确实存在，但 \u003ccode\u003emain\u003c/code\u003e 上的 \u003ccode\u003edeleteDaemonSessions\u003c/code\u003e 带有完全相同的判定——本 PR 是在沿用既有行为而非引入不对称，因此属于同一条后续项。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e未验证\u003c/strong\u003e：Windows 与 macOS；符号链接形式的 \u003ccode\u003eruntimeBaseDir\u003c/code\u003e（前几轮审查提到的 \u003ccode\u003epath.resolve\u003c/code\u003e 跟随符号链接问题）；真实负载下删除与会话恢复之间的并发——只验证了单进程内的顺序行为。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e完整日志、截图与中文报告见 fork 上的 \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/wenshao/qwen-code/tree/assets-pr10066\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eassets-pr10066\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e 分支。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","richTextTruncated":false,"renderedFileInfo":null,"symbols":{"timed_out":false,"not_analyzed":false,"symbols":[{"name":"PR #10066 维护者验证报告（中文）","fully_qualified_name":"PR #10066 维护者验证报告（中文）","kind":"section_1","ident_start":2,"ident_end":45,"extent_start":0,"extent_end":7367,"ident_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":2},"end":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":23}},"extent_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":0},"end":{"line_number":36,"utf16_col":0}}},{"name":"维护者验证 —— 真实 `qwen serve` 守护进程端到端","fully_qualified_name":"维护者验证 —— 真实 `qwen serve` 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class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">PR #10066 维护者验证报告（中文）</h1><a id="user-content-pr-10066-维护者验证报告中文" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: PR #10066 维护者验证报告（中文）" href="#pr-10066-维护者验证报告中文"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 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<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">维护者验证 —— 真实 <code>qwen serve</code> 守护进程端到端</h2><a id="user-content-维护者验证--真实-qwen-serve-守护进程端到端" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 维护者验证 —— 真实 qwen serve 守护进程端到端" href="#维护者验证--真实-qwen-serve-守护进程端到端"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">在 <code>702c665c94d66e4cd2aff1853502e6b74d5e6c47</code> 上于 Linux / Node v22.22.2（PR 标注"未测试"的那一行）针对<strong>真实运行的 <code>qwen serve</code></strong> 完成验证：真实 HTTP、真实 ACP 子进程、经 <code>POST /session/:id/attachments</code> 的真实上传、磁盘上的真实字节。测试台使用隔离的 <code>HOME</code>、两个注册工作区、一个 OpenAI 兼容的 mock 模型，以及一个降权到 uid 1500 运行的守护进程实例——这样 <code>chmod 000</code> 才是真正的 <code>EACCES</code>，而不会被 root 直接绕过。</p>
<p dir="auto"><strong>结论：建议合入。</strong> 39 项端到端检查中 37 项通过。失败的 2 项恰好是审查机器人在第 9–10 轮延后的两条 Critical：两条都能复现，且都是 fails-closed、影响范围限于单个工作区、不具粘性，并且只有在存储根处于<strong>权限/IO 故障</strong>状态时才会触发（根目录"不存在"的情形处理正确）。默认路径没有任何变化：不设置环境变量时的布局与之前逐字节一致。</p>
<p dir="auto"><strong>测试套件</strong>：<code>sessionAttachments.test.ts</code> 76 通过；<code>bridge.test.ts</code> 836 通过；CLI 侧 <code>session-attachments-root</code> + <code>process-env-guard</code> + <code>shared-env-keys</code> + <code>session-archive</code> 共 132 通过；对 PR 新增逻辑植入 9 个变异体，<strong>9 个全部被杀死</strong>；本地完整 <code>npm ci &amp;&amp; npm run build</code> 干净通过。</p>
<p dir="auto"><strong>1 · 迁移路径</strong>（截图 1）：环境变量未设置时字节落在 <code>~/.qwen/tmp/&lt;projectHash&gt;/attachments/session-&lt;id&gt;/</code>，配置根不会被创建；设置后新上传落在 <code>&lt;root&gt;/&lt;projectHash&gt;/attachments/session-&lt;id&gt;/</code> 且不触碰默认目录；切换前上传的附件仍能按原字节读回（fallback 读取）；切换后同名上传被分配 <code>legacy (1).txt</code>，而切换前的 <code>legacy.txt</code> 仍返回<strong>原始</strong>字节——"不遮蔽"保证在真实 HTTP 上传下成立，而非仅在单测中；两个工作区共用同一配置根时各自拥有独立的 <code>&lt;projectHash&gt;</code> 子树。</p>
<p dir="auto"><strong>2 · 两个根上的生命周期</strong>（截图 2）：<code>DELETE /session/:id/attachments/:id</code> 对"仅在 fallback"和"仅在配置根"的副本都能删除，删除后该 id 返回 404；对<strong>确实已持久化</strong>的会话执行 <code>POST /sessions/delete</code>（返回 <code>removed:[…]</code> 而非 <code>notFound</code>）会清理两个根下的会话目录，且不残留 <code>.deleting</code> 墓碑；<code>POST /sessions/archive</code>（同样非空转，返回 <code>archived:[…]</code>）保留附件，与文档一致；<code>POST /session/:id/branch</code> 会把两个根的附件都复制到新会话的配置目录——切换前的附件能在分支后存活。</p>
<p dir="auto"><strong>3 · 配置面</strong>（截图 3）：项目 <code>.env</code> 中写入 <code>QWEN_SERVE_SESSION_ATTACHMENTS_ROOT=&lt;exfil&gt;</code> 被忽略——上传仍落在默认根，exfil 目录始终未被创建（对照组：同一变量放在守护进程启动环境中确实会改变存储位置，见第 1 节）。<code>PROJECT_ENV_HARDCODED_EXCLUSIONS</code> 端到端成立，而不只在 <code>fast-path.test.ts</code> 中成立。<code>~/…</code> 按守护进程 home 展开，相对路径按守护进程 cwd 解析，字节都落在解析器所说的位置。</p>
<p dir="auto"><strong>4 · 降级根 —— 两条延后的 Critical 均复现</strong>（截图 4）：</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li><strong>F1 —— 配置根不可读时，<code>remove()</code> 拒绝删除只存在于 fallback 的副本</strong>（延后项 <code>R7-2</code>）。<code>DELETE</code> 返回 <code>500 EACCES: … stat '&lt;configured&gt;/session-&lt;id&gt;/legacy-only.txt'</code>，而健康 fallback 中的副本仍留在磁盘上。<code>sessionAttachments.ts:729-732</code> 在改动任一根之前先用 <code>hasAttachment()</code> 探测两个根，而 <code>hasAttachment</code> 会把任何非 <code>ENOENT</code> 的 stat 故障重新抛出——于是一个降级的<strong>配置</strong>根会挡住只存在于<strong>可写</strong> fallback 中副本的 unlink。<code>docs/users/qwen-serve.md:724</code> 承诺旧副本"在默认 fallback 目录保持可写时可删除"，而代码额外要求配置根必须可 stat。建议要么放宽文档措辞，要么让某一个根上的非 <code>ENOENT</code> 故障降级为"未知"并仍尝试另一个根的 unlink。</li>
<li><strong>F2 —— 旧 fallback 根 stat 被拒时，所有新上传都被拒绝</strong>（延后的 write-arm 项）。<code>putAttachment</code> 对每个候选文件名都会查询 <code>statSizeStrict(&lt;fallback&gt;/&lt;candidate&gt;)</code>（<code>sessionAttachments.ts:412-420</code>），而 <code>statSizeStrict</code> 会重新抛出非 <code>ENOENT</code> 错误——于是一个不可读的旧目录会让本可由健康配置根服务的上传返回 <code>500 EACCES</code>。占用检查本身是对的，错的只是它的失败方式。实测影响范围：<strong>该工作区的所有会话</strong>，兄弟工作区不受影响，且不具粘性——恢复该根后上传立刻恢复。可以考虑"把 stat 故障有界地视为已占用，超出次数后退回随机后缀"，这样既保住不遮蔽保证，又不至于让写入失败。</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto">两个故障都需要<strong>权限/IO</strong> 错误。旧目录不存在、乃至整个旧根都不存在的情形处理正确（<code>ENOENT</code> → 名字空闲，上传 <code>201</code>），已在第 2 节的 phase 9 中验证。</p>
<p dir="auto"><strong>5 · 变异测试</strong>（截图 5）：对 PR 自身逻辑做了 9 处单行回退，全部被 PR 自带的测试套件捕获。覆盖：fallback 根传入 <code>deleteSessionAttachments</code>、fallback 文件名占用检查、<code>copyFrom</code> 中的 <code>removingNames</code> 过滤（R7-1 的修复）、孤儿回收的附件清理、读路径的 <code>peekDirectory()</code> 而非强制 <code>directory()</code>、<code>delete()</code> 的 fallback 分支、<code>remove()</code> 的 fallback 分支、<code>&lt;projectHash&gt;</code> 隔离段、以及环境变量值的 <code>trim()</code>。无幸存者。</p>
<p dir="auto"><strong>6 · 单向迁移的边界</strong>（截图 6）：补上了此前被列为"未审查"的缺口——移除环境变量、以及从配置根 A 轮换到配置根 B，都会让根 A 中的副本不可达，表现为干净的 <code>404</code>，既不崩溃也不会返回错误字节。文档的"单向迁移"条目只写了"移除环境变量"这一个方向；建议补一句 A→B 轮换，因为在两个卷之间搬迁才是运维更容易踩的那种错。</p>
<p dir="auto"><strong>观察项（非阻断）</strong>：</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li><strong>新增的孤儿回收清理实际在哪些路径上运行。</strong> <code>deleteDaemonSessionIfOrphan</code> 在 <code>routes/session.ts</code> 中有四个调用点，三个是错误回滚路径，第四个是客户端断连分支 <code>if (!res.writable)</code>。在 Node 22 上，对端 socket 被销毁后 <code>res.writable</code> 仍为 <code>true</code>——用 10 行 <code>http.createServer</code> 验证过，端到端也验证过：一个发送完整 <code>POST /session</code> 后立即销毁自身的裸 socket，会让会话继续存活、两个预置的附件目录都原封不动。该分支是本 PR 未触碰的 <code>main</code> 既有代码；提出来只是因为它收窄了新增清理逻辑的实际生效范围。</li>
<li><strong>第 10 轮的 <code>D10-1</code></strong>（回收器的 <code>removal.kind !== 'error'</code> 判定会在"行已删除但后续步骤出错"时跳过清理）确实存在，但 <code>main</code> 上的 <code>deleteDaemonSessions</code> 带有完全相同的判定——本 PR 是在沿用既有行为而非引入不对称，因此属于同一条后续项。</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto"><strong>未验证</strong>：Windows 与 macOS；符号链接形式的 <code>runtimeBaseDir</code>（前几轮审查提到的 <code>path.resolve</code> 跟随符号链接问题）；真实负载下删除与会话恢复之间的并发——只验证了单进程内的顺序行为。</p>
<p dir="auto">完整日志、截图与中文报告见 fork 上的 <a href="https://github.com/wenshao/qwen-code/tree/assets-pr10066"><code>assets-pr10066</code></a> 分支。</p>
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