Add thread attachment operations with coordinated deletion - #44350

## Why

Attachment mutations must coordinate with thread deletion so queued requests cannot use metadata belonging to a deleted thread.

## What changed

- Add typed `ThreadStore` operations for idempotent attachment creation, paginated listing, and removal, with capability detection and unsupported defaults.
- Implement attachment operations for SQLite-backed `LocalThreadStore`, including unloaded threads, and preserve invalid-request and missing-thread errors.
- Coordinate attachment mutations with lifecycle locks and move SQLite cleanup into thread-store deletion. Remove state rows only after rollout deletion, preserving retries after cleanup failures.
- Give the in-memory store ownership of its associated SQLite cleanup and remove duplicate cleanup from the app-server.

## Testing

Add coverage for attachment pagination and idempotency, unsupported stores, error categories, lifecycle exclusion, mutations queued behind single and batch deletion, cleanup failure retries, and in-memory state cleanup. Extend the app-server descendant deletion test to verify SQLite rows are removed.

GitOrigin-RevId: f0157538c7c5c2ee1362ce40eac157101c5d4505