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id="_R_3dd_">Appearance settings</div></div></div><div class="MarketingHeader-module__menu__GIy3y"><div class="MarketingHeader-module__menuWrapper__owstH"><nav class="MarketingNavigation-module__nav__W0KYY" aria-label="Global"><ul class="MarketingNavigation-module__list__tFbMb"><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="_R_nd_">Platform<svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m6.427 4.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .354l-3.396 3.396A.25.25 0 0 1 6 11.396V4.604a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177Z"></path></svg></button><div id="_R_nd_" class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div 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1.553.299.305.784.54 1.638.54.922 0 1.28-.198 1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Z"></path><path d="M6.25 9.037a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm4.25.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path></svg>GitHub Copilot</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Write better code with AI</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/ai/github-app" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_copilot_app&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_copilot_app_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon 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class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Direct agents from issue to merge</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/mcp" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;mcp_registry&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;mcp_registry_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy 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0 0 0-2.94 2.08 2.08 0 0 0-2.94 0l-4.799 4.8A.75.75 0 0 1 .72 5.92Z"></path><path d="M7.52 3.12a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06L5.731 7.03A2.079 2.079 0 0 0 8.67 9.97l2.85-2.85a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-2.849 2.85A3.578 3.578 0 0 1 4.67 5.97Z"></path></svg>MCP Registry</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Integrate external tools</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_9knd_">DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_9knd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/actions" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;actions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;actions_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy 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0-.25-.25Zm-2 9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M7 12.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path></svg>Codespaces</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Instant dev environments</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/issues" 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NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Z"></path></svg>Issues</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Plan and track work</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/code-review" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;code_review&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;code_review_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-code NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg>Code Review</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Manage code changes</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/code-quality" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;code_quality&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;code_quality_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-codescan-checkmark NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M10.28 6.28a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06-1.06L6.25 8.19l-.97-.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l1.5 1.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l3.5-3.5Z"></path><path d="M7.5 15a7.5 7.5 0 1 1 5.807-2.754l2.473 2.474a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-2.474-2.473A7.472 7.472 0 0 1 7.5 15Zm0-13.5a6 6 0 1 0 4.094 10.386.748.748 0 0 1 .293-.292 6.002 6.002 0 0 0 1.117-6.486A6.002 6.002 0 0 0 7.5 1.5Z"></path></svg>Code Quality</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Enforce quality at merge</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_dknd_">APPLICATION SECURITY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_dknd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_advanced_security&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_advanced_security_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-shield-check NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m8.533.133 5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667l5.25-1.68a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0Zm-.61 1.429.001.001-5.25 1.68a.251.251 0 0 0-.174.237V7c0 1.36.275 2.666 1.057 3.859.784 1.194 2.121 2.342 4.366 3.298a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.957 3.582-2.103 4.366-3.297C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.358 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 0 0-.174-.238l-5.25-1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0ZM11.28 6.28l-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-1.5-1.5a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l.97.97 2.97-2.97a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path></svg>GitHub Advanced Security</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Find and fix vulnerabilities</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/code-security" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;code_security&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;code_security_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-code-square NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm7.47 3.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L10.69 8 9.22 6.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06ZM6.78 6.53 5.31 8l1.47 1.47a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path></svg>Code security</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Secure your code as you build</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/secret-protection" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;secret_protection&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;secret_protection_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-lock NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M4 4a4 4 0 0 1 8 0v2h.25c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 13.25v-5.5C2 6.784 2.784 6 3.75 6H4Zm8.25 3.5h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v5.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM10.5 6V4a2.5 2.5 0 1 0-5 0v2Z"></path></svg>Secret protection</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Stop leaks before they start</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ NavGroup-module__hasSeparator__FnMrN"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_hknd_">EXPLORE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_hknd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/why-github" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;why_github&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;why_github_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Why GitHub</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--is-external___xsncV" href="https://docs.github.com" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;documentation&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;documentation_link_platform_navbar&quot;}" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Documentation</span><svg data-component="Octicon" focusable="false" aria-label="External link" class="octicon octicon-link-external" role="img" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--is-external___xsncV" href="https://github.blog" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;blog&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;blog_link_platform_navbar&quot;}" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Blog</span><svg data-component="Octicon" focusable="false" aria-label="External link" class="octicon octicon-link-external" role="img" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--is-external___xsncV" href="https://github.blog/changelog" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;changelog&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;changelog_link_platform_navbar&quot;}" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Changelog</span><svg data-component="Octicon" focusable="false" aria-label="External link" class="octicon octicon-link-external" role="img" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/marketplace" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;marketplace&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;marketplace_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Marketplace</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="NavDropdown-module__trailingLinkContainer__VgJGL"><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--arrow-end___esdN8" href="https://github.com/features" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_features&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_features_link_platform_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">View all features</span><svg class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow___aaZs9 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link-arrow___yd78i" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow-stem___0K8Hz" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="_R_17d_">Solutions<svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m6.427 4.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .354l-3.396 3.396A.25.25 0 0 1 6 11.396V4.604a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177Z"></path></svg></button><div id="_R_17d_" class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_5l7d_">BY COMPANY SIZE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_5l7d_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/enterprise" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;enterprises&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;enterprises_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Enterprises</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/team" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;small_and_medium_teams&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Small and medium teams</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;startups&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;startups_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Startups</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/nonprofits" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;nonprofits&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Nonprofits</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_9l7d_">BY USE CASE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_9l7d_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/app-modernization" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;app_modernization&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;app_modernization_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">App Modernization</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devsecops" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devsecops&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devsecops_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">DevSecOps</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devops" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devops&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devops_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">DevOps</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/ci-cd" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ci/cd&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ci/cd_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">CI/CD</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--arrow-end___esdN8" href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_use_cases&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">View all use cases</span><svg class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow___aaZs9 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link-arrow___yd78i" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow-stem___0K8Hz" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_dl7d_">BY INDUSTRY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_dl7d_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/healthcare" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;healthcare&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;healthcare_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Healthcare</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/financial-services" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;financial_services&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;financial_services_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Financial services</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/manufacturing" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;manufacturing&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Manufacturing</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/government" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;government&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;government_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Government</span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--arrow-end___esdN8" href="https://github.com/solutions/industry" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">View all industries</span><svg class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow___aaZs9 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link-arrow___yd78i" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow-stem___0K8Hz" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="NavDropdown-module__trailingLinkContainer__VgJGL"><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--arrow-end___esdN8" href="https://github.com/solutions" data-analytics-event="{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_solutions_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">View all solutions</span><svg class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow___aaZs9 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link-arrow___yd78i" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="Primer_Brand__ExpandableArrow-module__ExpandableArrow-stem___0K8Hz" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="_R_1nd_">Resources<svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m6.427 4.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .354l-3.396 3.396A.25.25 0 0 1 6 11.396V4.604a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177Z"></path></svg></button><div id="_R_1nd_" class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_5lnd_">EXPLORE BY TOPIC</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_5lnd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=ai" 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0 0 1-.544.743c-.65.664-1.563.991-2.71.991-.652 0-1.236-.081-1.727-.291l-.023.116v4.255c.419.323 2.722 1.433 5.002 1.433ZM6.762 2.83c-.193-.206-.637-.413-1.682-.297-1.019.113-1.479.404-1.713.7-.247.312-.369.789-.369 1.554 0 .793.129 1.171.308 1.371.162.181.519.379 1.442.379.853 0 1.339-.235 1.638-.54.315-.322.527-.827.617-1.553.117-.935-.037-1.395-.241-1.614Zm4.155-.297c-1.044-.116-1.488.091-1.681.297-.204.219-.359.679-.242 1.614.091.726.303 1.231.618 1.553.299.305.784.54 1.638.54.922 0 1.28-.198 1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Z"></path><path d="M6.25 9.037a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm4.25.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path></svg>Copilot for Business</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy 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<react-app
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  initial-path="/feinan/leetcode-master/blob/master/problems/%E5%9B%BE%E8%AE%BA%E6%B7%B1%E6%90%9C%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80.md"
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  <script type="application/json" data-target="react-app.embeddedData">{"payload":{"codeViewBlobRoute":{"csv":null,"csvError":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"深度优先搜索理论基础","anchor":"深度优先搜索理论基础","htmlText":"深度优先搜索理论基础"},{"level":2,"text":"dfs 与 bfs 区别","anchor":"dfs-与-bfs-区别","htmlText":"dfs 与 bfs 区别"},{"level":2,"text":"dfs 搜索过程","anchor":"dfs-搜索过程","htmlText":"dfs 搜索过程"},{"level":2,"text":"代码框架","anchor":"代码框架","htmlText":"代码框架"},{"level":2,"text":"深搜三部曲","anchor":"深搜三部曲","htmlText":"深搜三部曲"},{"level":2,"text":"总结","anchor":"总结","htmlText":"总结"}]},"issueTemplate":null,"discussionTemplate":null,"richText":"\u003carticle class=\"markdown-body entry-content container-lg\" itemprop=\"text\"\u003e\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.programmercarl.com/xunlian/xunlianying.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\n  \u003cimg src=\"/feinan/leetcode-master/raw/master/pics/训练营.png\" width=\"1000\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"/feinan/leetcode-master/blob/master/problems/qita/join.md\"\u003e参与本项目\u003c/a\u003e，贡献其他语言版本的代码，拥抱开源，让更多学习算法的小伙伴们受益！\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e深度优先搜索理论基础\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-深度优先搜索理论基础\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 深度优先搜索理论基础\" href=\"#深度优先搜索理论基础\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e录友们期待图论内容已久了，为什么鸽了这么久，主要是最近半年开始更新\u003ca href=\"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1fA4y1o715/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e代码随想录算法公开课\u003c/a\u003e，是开源在B站的算法视频，已经帮助非常多基础不好的录友学习算法。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e录视频其实是非常累的，也要花很多时间，所以图论这边就没抽出时间来。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e后面计划先给大家讲图论里大家特别需要的深搜和广搜。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e以下，开始讲解深度优先搜索理论基础：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003edfs 与 bfs 区别\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-dfs-与-bfs-区别\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: dfs 与 bfs 区别\" href=\"#dfs-与-bfs-区别\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e提到深度优先搜索（dfs），就不得不说和广度优先搜索（bfs）有什么区别\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e先来了解dfs的过程，很多录友可能对dfs（深度优先搜索），bfs（广度优先搜索）分不清。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e先给大家说一下两者大概的区别：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003edfs是可一个方向去搜，不到黄河不回头，直到遇到绝境了，搜不下去了，再换方向（换方向的过程就涉及到了回溯）。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ebfs是先把本节点所连接的所有节点遍历一遍，走到下一个节点的时候，再把连接节点的所有节点遍历一遍，搜索方向更像是广度，四面八方的搜索过程。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e当然以上讲的是，大体可以这么理解，接下来 我们详细讲解dfs，（bfs在用单独一篇文章详细讲解）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003edfs 搜索过程\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-dfs-搜索过程\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: dfs 搜索过程\" href=\"#dfs-搜索过程\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e上面说道dfs是可一个方向搜，不到黄河不回头。 那么我们来举一个例子。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e如图一，是一个无向图，我们要搜索从节点1到节点6的所有路径。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ce7871f45707ca2119e4e4c5c03d97fa77f1f8f97abf5f8b122a12b4a6d8621d/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039333634332e706e67\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ce7871f45707ca2119e4e4c5c03d97fa77f1f8f97abf5f8b122a12b4a6d8621d/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039333634332e706e67\" alt=\"图一\" data-canonical-src=\"https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707093643.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e那么dfs搜索的第一条路径是这样的： （假设第一次延默认方向，就找到了节点6），图二\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/babaae169b54aad2dc1a53ce8f62978fb9e24d970a93f5702df726c8c20999ac/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039333830372e706e67\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/babaae169b54aad2dc1a53ce8f62978fb9e24d970a93f5702df726c8c20999ac/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039333830372e706e67\" alt=\"图二\" data-canonical-src=\"https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707093807.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e此时我们找到了节点6，（遇到黄河了，是不是应该回头了），那么应该再去搜索其他方向了。 如图三：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/3aad27f0472fe311207a6ba0c0871f36a24650bcf870775a84c7b950b6a7735f/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343031312e706e67\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/3aad27f0472fe311207a6ba0c0871f36a24650bcf870775a84c7b950b6a7735f/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343031312e706e67\" alt=\"图三\" data-canonical-src=\"https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707094011.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e路径2撤销了，改变了方向，走路径3（红色线）， 接着也找到终点6。 那么撤销路径2，改为路径3，在dfs中其实就是回溯的过程（这一点很重要，很多录友不理解dfs代码中回溯是用来干什么的）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e又找到了一条从节点1到节点6的路径，又到黄河了，此时再回头，下图图四中，路径4撤销（回溯的过程），改为路径5。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f4597827f5f588de74779a2bb7844315728e680dc80de33e786452295c7b47ba/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343332322e706e67\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f4597827f5f588de74779a2bb7844315728e680dc80de33e786452295c7b47ba/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343332322e706e67\" alt=\"图四\" data-canonical-src=\"https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707094322.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e又找到了一条从节点1到节点6的路径，又到黄河了，此时再回头，下图图五，路径6撤销（回溯的过程），改为路径7，路径8  和 路径7，路径9， 结果发现死路一条，都走到了自己走过的节点。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/af248b10e635ec22333e897e848a7bc2a8fe3a79cfcf01b2991ae205ca92c2a3/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343831332e706e67\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/af248b10e635ec22333e897e848a7bc2a8fe3a79cfcf01b2991ae205ca92c2a3/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343831332e706e67\" alt=\"图五\" data-canonical-src=\"https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707094813.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e那么节点2所连接路径和节点3所链接的路径 都走过了，撤销路径只能向上回退，去选择撤销当初节点4的选择，也就是撤销路径5，改为路径10 。 如图图六：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ccc4a768fc22278ebdaceef7eb79d06a29c725cab94ad296ef9b182b34470afe/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039353233322e706e67\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ccc4a768fc22278ebdaceef7eb79d06a29c725cab94ad296ef9b182b34470afe/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039353233322e706e67\" alt=\"图六\" data-canonical-src=\"https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707095232.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e上图演示中，其实我并没有把 所有的 从节点1 到节点6的dfs（深度优先搜索）的过程都画出来，那样太冗余了，但 已经把dfs 关键的地方都涉及到了，关键就两点：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e搜索方向，是认准一个方向搜，直到碰壁之后再换方向\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e换方向是撤销原路径，改为节点链接的下一个路径，回溯的过程。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e代码框架\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-代码框架\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 代码框架\" href=\"#代码框架\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e正是因为dfs搜索可一个方向，并需要回溯，所以用递归的方式来实现是最方便的。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e很多录友对回溯很陌生，建议先看看代码随想录，\u003ca href=\"https://programmercarl.com/%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e回溯算法章节\u003c/a\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e有递归的地方就有回溯，那么回溯在哪里呢？\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e就地递归函数的下面，例如如下代码：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"void dfs(参数) {\n    处理节点\n    dfs(图，选择的节点); // 递归\n    回溯，撤销处理结果\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003evoid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003edfs\u003c/span\u003e(参数) {\n    处理节点\n    \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edfs\u003c/span\u003e(图，选择的节点); \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e 递归\u003c/span\u003e\n    回溯，撤销处理结果\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e可以看到回溯操作就在递归函数的下面，递归和回溯是相辅相成的。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e在讲解\u003ca href=\"https://programmercarl.com/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%89%E6%A0%91%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e二叉树章节\u003c/a\u003e的时候，二叉树的递归法其实就是dfs，而二叉树的迭代法，就是bfs（广度优先搜索）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e所以\u003cstrong\u003edfs，bfs其实是基础搜索算法，也广泛应用与其他数据结构与算法中\u003c/strong\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e我们在回顾一下\u003ca href=\"https://programmercarl.com/%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e回溯法\u003c/a\u003e的代码框架：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"void backtracking(参数) {\n    if (终止条件) {\n        存放结果;\n        return;\n    }\n    for (选择：本层集合中元素（树中节点孩子的数量就是集合的大小）) {\n        处理节点;\n        backtracking(路径，选择列表); // 递归\n        回溯，撤销处理结果\n    }\n}\n\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003evoid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ebacktracking\u003c/span\u003e(参数) {\n    \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (终止条件) {\n        存放结果;\n        \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e;\n    }\n    \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e (选择：本层集合中元素（树中节点孩子的数量就是集合的大小）) {\n        处理节点;\n        \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebacktracking\u003c/span\u003e(路径，选择列表); \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e 递归\u003c/span\u003e\n        回溯，撤销处理结果\n    }\n}\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e回溯算法，其实就是dfs的过程，这里给出dfs的代码框架：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"void dfs(参数) {\n    if (终止条件) {\n        存放结果;\n        return;\n    }\n\n    for (选择：本节点所连接的其他节点) {\n        处理节点;\n        dfs(图，选择的节点); // 递归\n        回溯，撤销处理结果\n    }\n}\n\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003evoid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003edfs\u003c/span\u003e(参数) {\n    \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (终止条件) {\n        存放结果;\n        \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e;\n    }\n\n    \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e (选择：本节点所连接的其他节点) {\n        处理节点;\n        \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edfs\u003c/span\u003e(图，选择的节点); \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e 递归\u003c/span\u003e\n        回溯，撤销处理结果\n    }\n}\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e可以发现dfs的代码框架和回溯算法的代码框架是差不多的。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e下面我在用 深搜三部曲，来解读 dfs的代码框架。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e深搜三部曲\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-深搜三部曲\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 深搜三部曲\" href=\"#深搜三部曲\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e在 \u003ca href=\"https://programmercarl.com/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%89%E6%A0%91%E7%9A%84%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e二叉树递归讲解\u003c/a\u003e中，给出了递归三部曲。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://programmercarl.com/%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e回溯算法\u003c/a\u003e讲解中，给出了 回溯三部曲。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e其实深搜也是一样的，深搜三部曲如下：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e确认递归函数，参数\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"void dfs(参数)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003evoid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003edfs\u003c/span\u003e(参数)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e通常我们递归的时候，我们递归搜索需要了解哪些参数，其实也可以在写递归函数的时候，发现需要什么参数，再去补充就可以。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e一般情况，深搜需要 二维数组数组结构保存所有路径，需要一维数组保存单一路径，这种保存结果的数组，我们可以定义一个全局变量，避免让我们的函数参数过多。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e例如这样：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"vector\u0026lt;vector\u0026lt;int\u0026gt;\u0026gt; result; // 保存符合条件的所有路径\nvector\u0026lt;int\u0026gt; path; // 起点到终点的路径\nvoid dfs (图，目前搜索的节点)  \"\u003e\u003cpre\u003evector\u0026lt;vector\u0026lt;\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eint\u003c/span\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026gt; result; \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e 保存符合条件的所有路径\u003c/span\u003e\nvector\u0026lt;\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eint\u003c/span\u003e\u0026gt; path; \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e 起点到终点的路径\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003evoid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003edfs\u003c/span\u003e (图，目前搜索的节点)  \u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e但这种写法看个人习惯，不强求。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e确认终止条件\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e终止条件很重要，很多同学写dfs的时候，之所以容易死循环，栈溢出等等这些问题，都是因为终止条件没有想清楚。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"if (终止条件) {\n    存放结果;\n    return;\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (终止条件) {\n    存放结果;\n    \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e;\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e终止添加不仅是结束本层递归，同时也是我们收获结果的时候。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e另外，其实很多dfs写法，没有写终止条件，其实终止条件写在了， 下面dfs递归的逻辑里了，也就是不符合条件，直接不会向下递归。这里如果大家不理解的话，没关系，后面会有具体题目来讲解。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"3\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e处理目前搜索节点出发的路径\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e一般这里就是一个for循环的操作，去遍历 目前搜索节点 所能到的所有节点。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"for (选择：本节点所连接的其他节点) {\n    处理节点;\n    dfs(图，选择的节点); // 递归\n    回溯，撤销处理结果\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e (选择：本节点所连接的其他节点) {\n    处理节点;\n    \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edfs\u003c/span\u003e(图，选择的节点); \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e//\u003c/span\u003e 递归\u003c/span\u003e\n    回溯，撤销处理结果\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e不少录友疑惑的地方，都是 dfs代码框架中for循环里分明已经处理节点了，那么 dfs函数下面 为什么还要撤销的呢。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e如图七所示， 路径2 已经走到了 目的地节点6，那么 路径2 是如何撤销，然后改为 路径3呢？ 其实这就是 回溯的过程，撤销路径2，走换下一个方向。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/25dca90eade84a11ea18e48c69210f8b13fa064a29fd1ae95f8504acee66adfe/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730383039333534342e706e67\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/25dca90eade84a11ea18e48c69210f8b13fa064a29fd1ae95f8504acee66adfe/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730383039333534342e706e67\" alt=\"图七\" data-canonical-src=\"https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220708093544.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e总结\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-总结\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 总结\" href=\"#总结\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e我们讲解了，dfs 和 bfs的大体区别（bfs详细过程下篇来讲），dfs的搜索过程以及代码框架。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e最后还有 深搜三部曲来解读这份代码框架。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e以上如果大家都能理解了，其实搜索的代码就很好写，具体题目套用具体场景就可以了。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e后面我也会给大家安排具体练习的题目，依旧是代码随想录的风格，循序渐进由浅入深！\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://programmercarl.com/other/kstar.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\n  \u003cimg src=\"/feinan/leetcode-master/raw/master/pics/网站星球宣传海报.jpg\" width=\"1000\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/article\u003e","richTextTruncated":false,"renderedFileInfo":null,"symbols":{"timed_out":false,"not_analyzed":false,"symbols":[{"name":"深度优先搜索理论基础","fully_qualified_name":"深度优先搜索理论基础","kind":"section_1","ident_start":343,"ident_end":373,"extent_start":341,"extent_end":8750,"ident_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":6,"utf16_col":2},"end":{"line_number":6,"utf16_col":12}},"extent_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":6,"utf16_col":0},"end":{"line_number":205,"utf16_col":0}}},{"name":"dfs 与 bfs 区别","fully_qualified_name":"dfs 与 bfs 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align=\"center\"\u003e","\u003ca href=\"https://www.programmercarl.com/xunlian/xunlianying.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e","  \u003cimg src=\"../pics/训练营.png\" width=\"1000\"/\u003e","\u003c/a\u003e","\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"./qita/join.md\"\u003e参与本项目\u003c/a\u003e，贡献其他语言版本的代码，拥抱开源，让更多学习算法的小伙伴们受益！\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","","# 深度优先搜索理论基础 ","","录友们期待图论内容已久了，为什么鸽了这么久，主要是最近半年开始更新[代码随想录算法公开课](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1fA4y1o715/)，是开源在B站的算法视频，已经帮助非常多基础不好的录友学习算法。 ","","录视频其实是非常累的，也要花很多时间，所以图论这边就没抽出时间来。 ","","后面计划先给大家讲图论里大家特别需要的深搜和广搜。 ","","以下，开始讲解深度优先搜索理论基础：","","## dfs 与 bfs 区别 ","","提到深度优先搜索（dfs），就不得不说和广度优先搜索（bfs）有什么区别","","先来了解dfs的过程，很多录友可能对dfs（深度优先搜索），bfs（广度优先搜索）分不清。","","先给大家说一下两者大概的区别：","","* dfs是可一个方向去搜，不到黄河不回头，直到遇到绝境了，搜不下去了，再换方向（换方向的过程就涉及到了回溯）。 ","* bfs是先把本节点所连接的所有节点遍历一遍，走到下一个节点的时候，再把连接节点的所有节点遍历一遍，搜索方向更像是广度，四面八方的搜索过程。 ","","当然以上讲的是，大体可以这么理解，接下来 我们详细讲解dfs，（bfs在用单独一篇文章详细讲解） ","","## dfs 搜索过程","","上面说道dfs是可一个方向搜，不到黄河不回头。 那么我们来举一个例子。 ","","如图一，是一个无向图，我们要搜索从节点1到节点6的所有路径。 ","","![图一](https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707093643.png) ","","那么dfs搜索的第一条路径是这样的： （假设第一次延默认方向，就找到了节点6），图二","","![图二](https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707093807.png) ","","此时我们找到了节点6，（遇到黄河了，是不是应该回头了），那么应该再去搜索其他方向了。 如图三： ","","![图三](https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707094011.png) ","","路径2撤销了，改变了方向，走路径3（红色线）， 接着也找到终点6。 那么撤销路径2，改为路径3，在dfs中其实就是回溯的过程（这一点很重要，很多录友不理解dfs代码中回溯是用来干什么的）","","又找到了一条从节点1到节点6的路径，又到黄河了，此时再回头，下图图四中，路径4撤销（回溯的过程），改为路径5。","","![图四](https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707094322.png)","","又找到了一条从节点1到节点6的路径，又到黄河了，此时再回头，下图图五，路径6撤销（回溯的过程），改为路径7，路径8  和 路径7，路径9， 结果发现死路一条，都走到了自己走过的节点。","","![图五](https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707094813.png)","","那么节点2所连接路径和节点3所链接的路径 都走过了，撤销路径只能向上回退，去选择撤销当初节点4的选择，也就是撤销路径5，改为路径10 。 如图图六： ","","![图六](https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707095232.png) ","","","上图演示中，其实我并没有把 所有的 从节点1 到节点6的dfs（深度优先搜索）的过程都画出来，那样太冗余了，但 已经把dfs 关键的地方都涉及到了，关键就两点： ","","* 搜索方向，是认准一个方向搜，直到碰壁之后再换方向 ","* 换方向是撤销原路径，改为节点链接的下一个路径，回溯的过程。  ","","## 代码框架 ","","正是因为dfs搜索可一个方向，并需要回溯，所以用递归的方式来实现是最方便的。 ","","很多录友对回溯很陌生，建议先看看代码随想录，[回溯算法章节](https://programmercarl.com/回溯算法理论基础.html)。 ","","有递归的地方就有回溯，那么回溯在哪里呢？ ","","就地递归函数的下面，例如如下代码： ","","```cpp","void dfs(参数) {","    处理节点","    dfs(图，选择的节点); // 递归","    回溯，撤销处理结果","}","```","","可以看到回溯操作就在递归函数的下面，递归和回溯是相辅相成的。 ","","在讲解[二叉树章节](https://programmercarl.com/二叉树理论基础.html)的时候，二叉树的递归法其实就是dfs，而二叉树的迭代法，就是bfs（广度优先搜索）","","所以**dfs，bfs其实是基础搜索算法，也广泛应用与其他数据结构与算法中**。  ","","我们在回顾一下[回溯法](https://programmercarl.com/回溯算法理论基础.html)的代码框架：","","```cpp","void backtracking(参数) {","    if (终止条件) {","        存放结果;","        return;","    }","    for (选择：本层集合中元素（树中节点孩子的数量就是集合的大小）) {","        处理节点;","        backtracking(路径，选择列表); // 递归","        回溯，撤销处理结果","    }","}","","```","","回溯算法，其实就是dfs的过程，这里给出dfs的代码框架： ","","```cpp","void dfs(参数) {","    if (终止条件) {","        存放结果;","        return;","    }","","    for (选择：本节点所连接的其他节点) {","        处理节点;","        dfs(图，选择的节点); // 递归","        回溯，撤销处理结果","    }","}","","```","","可以发现dfs的代码框架和回溯算法的代码框架是差不多的。","","下面我在用 深搜三部曲，来解读 dfs的代码框架。","","## 深搜三部曲 ","","在 [二叉树递归讲解](https://programmercarl.com/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%89%E6%A0%91%E7%9A%84%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86.html)中，给出了递归三部曲。 ","","[回溯算法](https://programmercarl.com/回溯算法理论基础.html)讲解中，给出了 回溯三部曲。","","其实深搜也是一样的，深搜三部曲如下： ","","1. 确认递归函数，参数 ","","```cpp","void dfs(参数)","```","","通常我们递归的时候，我们递归搜索需要了解哪些参数，其实也可以在写递归函数的时候，发现需要什么参数，再去补充就可以。 ","","一般情况，深搜需要 二维数组数组结构保存所有路径，需要一维数组保存单一路径，这种保存结果的数组，我们可以定义一个全局变量，避免让我们的函数参数过多。 ","","例如这样： ","","```cpp","vector\u003cvector\u003cint\u003e\u003e result; // 保存符合条件的所有路径","vector\u003cint\u003e path; // 起点到终点的路径","void dfs (图，目前搜索的节点)  ","```","","但这种写法看个人习惯，不强求。 ","","2. 确认终止条件 ","","终止条件很重要，很多同学写dfs的时候，之所以容易死循环，栈溢出等等这些问题，都是因为终止条件没有想清楚。 ","","```cpp","if (终止条件) {","    存放结果;","    return;","}","```","","终止添加不仅是结束本层递归，同时也是我们收获结果的时候。 ","","另外，其实很多dfs写法，没有写终止条件，其实终止条件写在了， 下面dfs递归的逻辑里了，也就是不符合条件，直接不会向下递归。这里如果大家不理解的话，没关系，后面会有具体题目来讲解。","","3. 处理目前搜索节点出发的路径 ","","一般这里就是一个for循环的操作，去遍历 目前搜索节点 所能到的所有节点。 ","","```cpp","for (选择：本节点所连接的其他节点) {","    处理节点;","    dfs(图，选择的节点); // 递归","    回溯，撤销处理结果","}","```","","不少录友疑惑的地方，都是 dfs代码框架中for循环里分明已经处理节点了，那么 dfs函数下面 为什么还要撤销的呢。 ","","如图七所示， 路径2 已经走到了 目的地节点6，那么 路径2 是如何撤销，然后改为 路径3呢？ 其实这就是 回溯的过程，撤销路径2，走换下一个方向。 ","","![图七](https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220708093544.png)","","","## 总结 ","","我们讲解了，dfs 和 bfs的大体区别（bfs详细过程下篇来讲），dfs的搜索过程以及代码框架。","","最后还有 深搜三部曲来解读这份代码框架。 ","","以上如果大家都能理解了，其实搜索的代码就很好写，具体题目套用具体场景就可以了。","","后面我也会给大家安排具体练习的题目，依旧是代码随想录的风格，循序渐进由浅入深！","","","\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e","\u003ca href=\"https://programmercarl.com/other/kstar.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e","  \u003cimg 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<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">深度优先搜索理论基础</h1><a id="user-content-深度优先搜索理论基础" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 深度优先搜索理论基础" href="#深度优先搜索理论基础"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">录友们期待图论内容已久了，为什么鸽了这么久，主要是最近半年开始更新<a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1fA4y1o715/" rel="nofollow">代码随想录算法公开课</a>，是开源在B站的算法视频，已经帮助非常多基础不好的录友学习算法。</p>
<p dir="auto">录视频其实是非常累的，也要花很多时间，所以图论这边就没抽出时间来。</p>
<p dir="auto">后面计划先给大家讲图论里大家特别需要的深搜和广搜。</p>
<p dir="auto">以下，开始讲解深度优先搜索理论基础：</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">dfs 与 bfs 区别</h2><a id="user-content-dfs-与-bfs-区别" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: dfs 与 bfs 区别" href="#dfs-与-bfs-区别"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">提到深度优先搜索（dfs），就不得不说和广度优先搜索（bfs）有什么区别</p>
<p dir="auto">先来了解dfs的过程，很多录友可能对dfs（深度优先搜索），bfs（广度优先搜索）分不清。</p>
<p dir="auto">先给大家说一下两者大概的区别：</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>dfs是可一个方向去搜，不到黄河不回头，直到遇到绝境了，搜不下去了，再换方向（换方向的过程就涉及到了回溯）。</li>
<li>bfs是先把本节点所连接的所有节点遍历一遍，走到下一个节点的时候，再把连接节点的所有节点遍历一遍，搜索方向更像是广度，四面八方的搜索过程。</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto">当然以上讲的是，大体可以这么理解，接下来 我们详细讲解dfs，（bfs在用单独一篇文章详细讲解）</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">dfs 搜索过程</h2><a id="user-content-dfs-搜索过程" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: dfs 搜索过程" href="#dfs-搜索过程"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">上面说道dfs是可一个方向搜，不到黄河不回头。 那么我们来举一个例子。</p>
<p dir="auto">如图一，是一个无向图，我们要搜索从节点1到节点6的所有路径。</p>
<p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ce7871f45707ca2119e4e4c5c03d97fa77f1f8f97abf5f8b122a12b4a6d8621d/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039333634332e706e67"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ce7871f45707ca2119e4e4c5c03d97fa77f1f8f97abf5f8b122a12b4a6d8621d/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039333634332e706e67" alt="图一" data-canonical-src="https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707093643.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
<p dir="auto">那么dfs搜索的第一条路径是这样的： （假设第一次延默认方向，就找到了节点6），图二</p>
<p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/babaae169b54aad2dc1a53ce8f62978fb9e24d970a93f5702df726c8c20999ac/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039333830372e706e67"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/babaae169b54aad2dc1a53ce8f62978fb9e24d970a93f5702df726c8c20999ac/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039333830372e706e67" alt="图二" data-canonical-src="https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707093807.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
<p dir="auto">此时我们找到了节点6，（遇到黄河了，是不是应该回头了），那么应该再去搜索其他方向了。 如图三：</p>
<p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/3aad27f0472fe311207a6ba0c0871f36a24650bcf870775a84c7b950b6a7735f/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343031312e706e67"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/3aad27f0472fe311207a6ba0c0871f36a24650bcf870775a84c7b950b6a7735f/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343031312e706e67" alt="图三" data-canonical-src="https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707094011.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
<p dir="auto">路径2撤销了，改变了方向，走路径3（红色线）， 接着也找到终点6。 那么撤销路径2，改为路径3，在dfs中其实就是回溯的过程（这一点很重要，很多录友不理解dfs代码中回溯是用来干什么的）</p>
<p dir="auto">又找到了一条从节点1到节点6的路径，又到黄河了，此时再回头，下图图四中，路径4撤销（回溯的过程），改为路径5。</p>
<p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f4597827f5f588de74779a2bb7844315728e680dc80de33e786452295c7b47ba/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343332322e706e67"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f4597827f5f588de74779a2bb7844315728e680dc80de33e786452295c7b47ba/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343332322e706e67" alt="图四" data-canonical-src="https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707094322.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
<p dir="auto">又找到了一条从节点1到节点6的路径，又到黄河了，此时再回头，下图图五，路径6撤销（回溯的过程），改为路径7，路径8  和 路径7，路径9， 结果发现死路一条，都走到了自己走过的节点。</p>
<p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/af248b10e635ec22333e897e848a7bc2a8fe3a79cfcf01b2991ae205ca92c2a3/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343831332e706e67"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/af248b10e635ec22333e897e848a7bc2a8fe3a79cfcf01b2991ae205ca92c2a3/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039343831332e706e67" alt="图五" data-canonical-src="https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707094813.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
<p dir="auto">那么节点2所连接路径和节点3所链接的路径 都走过了，撤销路径只能向上回退，去选择撤销当初节点4的选择，也就是撤销路径5，改为路径10 。 如图图六：</p>
<p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ccc4a768fc22278ebdaceef7eb79d06a29c725cab94ad296ef9b182b34470afe/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039353233322e706e67"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ccc4a768fc22278ebdaceef7eb79d06a29c725cab94ad296ef9b182b34470afe/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730373039353233322e706e67" alt="图六" data-canonical-src="https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220707095232.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
<p dir="auto">上图演示中，其实我并没有把 所有的 从节点1 到节点6的dfs（深度优先搜索）的过程都画出来，那样太冗余了，但 已经把dfs 关键的地方都涉及到了，关键就两点：</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>搜索方向，是认准一个方向搜，直到碰壁之后再换方向</li>
<li>换方向是撤销原路径，改为节点链接的下一个路径，回溯的过程。</li>
</ul>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">代码框架</h2><a id="user-content-代码框架" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 代码框架" href="#代码框架"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">正是因为dfs搜索可一个方向，并需要回溯，所以用递归的方式来实现是最方便的。</p>
<p dir="auto">很多录友对回溯很陌生，建议先看看代码随想录，<a href="https://programmercarl.com/%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80.html" rel="nofollow">回溯算法章节</a>。</p>
<p dir="auto">有递归的地方就有回溯，那么回溯在哪里呢？</p>
<p dir="auto">就地递归函数的下面，例如如下代码：</p>
<div class="highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="void dfs(参数) {
    处理节点
    dfs(图，选择的节点); // 递归
    回溯，撤销处理结果
}"><pre><span class="pl-k">void</span> <span class="pl-en">dfs</span>(参数) {
    处理节点
    <span class="pl-c1">dfs</span>(图，选择的节点); <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> 递归</span>
    回溯，撤销处理结果
}</pre></div>
<p dir="auto">可以看到回溯操作就在递归函数的下面，递归和回溯是相辅相成的。</p>
<p dir="auto">在讲解<a href="https://programmercarl.com/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%89%E6%A0%91%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80.html" rel="nofollow">二叉树章节</a>的时候，二叉树的递归法其实就是dfs，而二叉树的迭代法，就是bfs（广度优先搜索）</p>
<p dir="auto">所以<strong>dfs，bfs其实是基础搜索算法，也广泛应用与其他数据结构与算法中</strong>。</p>
<p dir="auto">我们在回顾一下<a href="https://programmercarl.com/%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80.html" rel="nofollow">回溯法</a>的代码框架：</p>
<div class="highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="void backtracking(参数) {
    if (终止条件) {
        存放结果;
        return;
    }
    for (选择：本层集合中元素（树中节点孩子的数量就是集合的大小）) {
        处理节点;
        backtracking(路径，选择列表); // 递归
        回溯，撤销处理结果
    }
}
"><pre><span class="pl-k">void</span> <span class="pl-en">backtracking</span>(参数) {
    <span class="pl-k">if</span> (终止条件) {
        存放结果;
        <span class="pl-k">return</span>;
    }
    <span class="pl-k">for</span> (选择：本层集合中元素（树中节点孩子的数量就是集合的大小）) {
        处理节点;
        <span class="pl-c1">backtracking</span>(路径，选择列表); <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> 递归</span>
        回溯，撤销处理结果
    }
}
</pre></div>
<p dir="auto">回溯算法，其实就是dfs的过程，这里给出dfs的代码框架：</p>
<div class="highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="void dfs(参数) {
    if (终止条件) {
        存放结果;
        return;
    }

    for (选择：本节点所连接的其他节点) {
        处理节点;
        dfs(图，选择的节点); // 递归
        回溯，撤销处理结果
    }
}
"><pre><span class="pl-k">void</span> <span class="pl-en">dfs</span>(参数) {
    <span class="pl-k">if</span> (终止条件) {
        存放结果;
        <span class="pl-k">return</span>;
    }

    <span class="pl-k">for</span> (选择：本节点所连接的其他节点) {
        处理节点;
        <span class="pl-c1">dfs</span>(图，选择的节点); <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> 递归</span>
        回溯，撤销处理结果
    }
}
</pre></div>
<p dir="auto">可以发现dfs的代码框架和回溯算法的代码框架是差不多的。</p>
<p dir="auto">下面我在用 深搜三部曲，来解读 dfs的代码框架。</p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">深搜三部曲</h2><a id="user-content-深搜三部曲" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 深搜三部曲" href="#深搜三部曲"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">在 <a href="https://programmercarl.com/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%89%E6%A0%91%E7%9A%84%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86.html" rel="nofollow">二叉树递归讲解</a>中，给出了递归三部曲。</p>
<p dir="auto"><a href="https://programmercarl.com/%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80.html" rel="nofollow">回溯算法</a>讲解中，给出了 回溯三部曲。</p>
<p dir="auto">其实深搜也是一样的，深搜三部曲如下：</p>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>确认递归函数，参数</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="void dfs(参数)"><pre><span class="pl-k">void</span> <span class="pl-en">dfs</span>(参数)</pre></div>
<p dir="auto">通常我们递归的时候，我们递归搜索需要了解哪些参数，其实也可以在写递归函数的时候，发现需要什么参数，再去补充就可以。</p>
<p dir="auto">一般情况，深搜需要 二维数组数组结构保存所有路径，需要一维数组保存单一路径，这种保存结果的数组，我们可以定义一个全局变量，避免让我们的函数参数过多。</p>
<p dir="auto">例如这样：</p>
<div class="highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; result; // 保存符合条件的所有路径
vector&lt;int&gt; path; // 起点到终点的路径
void dfs (图，目前搜索的节点)  "><pre>vector&lt;vector&lt;<span class="pl-k">int</span>&gt;&gt; result; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> 保存符合条件的所有路径</span>
vector&lt;<span class="pl-k">int</span>&gt; path; <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> 起点到终点的路径</span>
<span class="pl-k">void</span> <span class="pl-en">dfs</span> (图，目前搜索的节点)  </pre></div>
<p dir="auto">但这种写法看个人习惯，不强求。</p>
<ol start="2" dir="auto">
<li>确认终止条件</li>
</ol>
<p dir="auto">终止条件很重要，很多同学写dfs的时候，之所以容易死循环，栈溢出等等这些问题，都是因为终止条件没有想清楚。</p>
<div class="highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="if (终止条件) {
    存放结果;
    return;
}"><pre><span class="pl-k">if</span> (终止条件) {
    存放结果;
    <span class="pl-k">return</span>;
}</pre></div>
<p dir="auto">终止添加不仅是结束本层递归，同时也是我们收获结果的时候。</p>
<p dir="auto">另外，其实很多dfs写法，没有写终止条件，其实终止条件写在了， 下面dfs递归的逻辑里了，也就是不符合条件，直接不会向下递归。这里如果大家不理解的话，没关系，后面会有具体题目来讲解。</p>
<ol start="3" dir="auto">
<li>处理目前搜索节点出发的路径</li>
</ol>
<p dir="auto">一般这里就是一个for循环的操作，去遍历 目前搜索节点 所能到的所有节点。</p>
<div class="highlight highlight-source-c++ notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="for (选择：本节点所连接的其他节点) {
    处理节点;
    dfs(图，选择的节点); // 递归
    回溯，撤销处理结果
}"><pre><span class="pl-k">for</span> (选择：本节点所连接的其他节点) {
    处理节点;
    <span class="pl-c1">dfs</span>(图，选择的节点); <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">//</span> 递归</span>
    回溯，撤销处理结果
}</pre></div>
<p dir="auto">不少录友疑惑的地方，都是 dfs代码框架中for循环里分明已经处理节点了，那么 dfs函数下面 为什么还要撤销的呢。</p>
<p dir="auto">如图七所示， 路径2 已经走到了 目的地节点6，那么 路径2 是如何撤销，然后改为 路径3呢？ 其实这就是 回溯的过程，撤销路径2，走换下一个方向。</p>
<p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/25dca90eade84a11ea18e48c69210f8b13fa064a29fd1ae95f8504acee66adfe/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730383039333534342e706e67"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/25dca90eade84a11ea18e48c69210f8b13fa064a29fd1ae95f8504acee66adfe/68747470733a2f2f636f64652d7468696e6b696e672d313235333835353039332e66696c652e6d7971636c6f75642e636f6d2f706963732f32303232303730383039333534342e706e67" alt="图七" data-canonical-src="https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220708093544.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p>
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">总结</h2><a id="user-content-总结" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: 总结" href="#总结"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
<p dir="auto">我们讲解了，dfs 和 bfs的大体区别（bfs详细过程下篇来讲），dfs的搜索过程以及代码框架。</p>
<p dir="auto">最后还有 深搜三部曲来解读这份代码框架。</p>
<p dir="auto">以上如果大家都能理解了，其实搜索的代码就很好写，具体题目套用具体场景就可以了。</p>
<p dir="auto">后面我也会给大家安排具体练习的题目，依旧是代码随想录的风格，循序渐进由浅入深！</p>
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