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Holographic timelike entanglement across dimensions

  • Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
  • Open access
  • Published: 18 November 2025
  • Volume 2025, article number 100 (2025)
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Journal of High Energy Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript
Holographic timelike entanglement across dimensions
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  • Carlos Nunez  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-95511 &
  • Dibakar Roychowdhury  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-425X2 

  • 940 Accesses

  • 12 Citations

  • Explore all metrics

A preprint version of the article is available at arXiv.

Abstract

We develop a holographic framework for computing timelike entanglement entropy (tEE) in quantum field theories, extending the Ryu-Takayanagi prescription into Lorentzian settings. Using three broad classes of supergravity backgrounds, we derive both exact and approximate tEE expressions for slab, spherical, and hyperbolic regions, and relate them to the central charges of the dual conformal field theories. The method is applied to infinite families of supersymmetric linear quivers in dimensions from d = 2 to d = 6, showing that Liu-Mezei and slab central charges scale universally like the holographic central charge. We then analyse gapped and confining models, including twisted compactifications and wrapped brane constructions, identifying how a mass gap modifies tEE and when approximate formulas remain accurate. In all cases, we uncover robust scaling with invariant separations and signature-dependent phase behaviour, distinguishing spacelike from timelike embeddings. Our results unify the treatment of tEE in both conformal and non-conformal theories, clarifying its role as a probe of causal structure, universal data, and non-perturbative dynamics in holography.

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Acknowledgments

We are happy to thank various colleagues for discussions in the recet months, that enriched our recent works on this topic. For this, we are grateful to: Dimitrios Giataganas, Wu-zhong Guo, Michal Heller, Fabio Ori, Simon Ross, Alexandre Serantes, Tadashi Takayanagi and Jonathan Whittle.

DR would like to acknowledge The Royal Society, UK for financial assistance. DR also acknowledges the Mathematical Research Impact Centric Support (MATRICS) grant (MTR/2023/000005) received from ANRF, India. C. N. is supported by STFC’s grants ST/Y509644-1, ST/X000648/1 and ST/T000813/1.

Data Availability Statement. This article has no associated data or the data will not be deposited.

Code Availability Statement. This article has no associated code or the code will not be deposited.

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  1. Centre for Quantum Fields and Gravity, Department of Physics, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK

    Carlos Nunez

  2. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India

    Dibakar Roychowdhury

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  1. Carlos Nunez
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  2. Dibakar Roychowdhury
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Correspondence to Carlos Nunez.

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Nunez, C., Roychowdhury, D. Holographic timelike entanglement across dimensions. J. High Energ. Phys. 2025, 100 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2025)100

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  • Received: 27 August 2025

  • Revised: 28 September 2025

  • Accepted: 19 October 2025

  • Published: 18 November 2025

  • Version of record: 18 November 2025

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2025)100

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Keywords

  • AdS-CFT Correspondence
  • Gauge-Gravity Correspondence

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